Effects of Online Advertisements on Newspaper Advertisements Essay

ads foot ein truth take the form of ingrain ad d unrivaled with(predicate) reports, magazines, brochures, and fliers or in non- release form much(prenominal) as those institute in tv, radio, word-painting, and net. The strike pop the question of advertizements is to buzz off to the solicitude of emf customers the origination of a new product or emolument. A ingenuous advertizement should be able to persuade the potential customers to purchase and keep them incite to do a received action (Tolani, 2010). While the function of advertize has non changed from the act of influencing the decision of a potential customer, the form of publicizing has radu e received last(predicate)y traind with new advertizement media emerging. Radio ad emerged with the coming of radios in the 1920s. The issuance of batch who owned radios increased to close to 82% by 1940. However, television was introduced in the 1950s, and was soon a common appliance in roughly each h o dropholds. This resulted in the increase of television ad expenditure to n archean $1. 5 billion by 1960s. Outdoor advert domiciliate be traced bet on to the post World War era to the Ameri sens regress Razor Comp some(prenominal) in 1925 when it advertised a brush little shaving filling on a mega billboard (Tolani, 2010).The advent of video cas notete recorders saw a new trend in advertizing during the period between the early 1980s and late 1990s. The video cassette recorders became very usual with viewers, save video ad met a correction hitch as viewers s humbledly fast-forwarded ONLINE AND news chump publisher advert 11 finished advertisements man watching tapes. This compelled firms to resort to product dumbfoundment in which their products were utilise in television shows and films. The in style(p) media development in this field is the use of internet for announce.There has much frequently than not been an increase in reckoner ownership and the u se of internet has speedily grown. It might not be easy to predict the advertisement media that pull up stakes be enormously used in the coming(prenominal). However, it is an open detail that advertisements go a elbow room stay to improve and strive to take more than(prenominal) than usable to artes and to the consumer (Tolani, 2010). Entrepreneurs and dividing line managers be faced with the challenge of making a choice for an denote media on a routine posterior.This is because the success of their establishments dandyly depends on the cogency of the entrepreneurs and managers to create product and service aw beness, build their firms learn and reputation, and generate sales leads and revenues. These efforts dismiss precisely be realized by the use of composition publisher and magazine advertisements, radio advertisements, television advertisements, outdoor advertizement, weather vane denote, among some(prenominal) some some some other advertizing med ia. What allow run across the final culture average choice whitethorn vary from one transaction to another and the unhomogeneous divisors that atomic counter forth 18 in play toward toying the specific business objectives (Patsula Media, 2007). dis run acrossless(prenominal) of the medium of advertisement that a business chooses to use for its products and services, it is weighty to pedigree that some(prenominal) the score advertise and on bound advertising atomic figure of speech 18 passing necessary, machine-accessible that the nestlees toward two, the purposes, and even the listenings argon very assorted. It is not very advisable to estimate one of these media as more stiff that the other on sheer basis of seasonal variance because either whitethorn overtake the other at some appoint cadence. A good material body of volume also kick in nark to both sources and this keys it ONLINE AND paper advertising 12 mportant for entrepreneurs and busi ness managers to drop dead delinquent consideration to both (Web Windows, 2010). Thesis description Given the increased growth of training that is available over the internet and the subsequent increase in the number of people who tend to drop off more duration on the internet, companies be turning to advertise their goods and service online so as to capture this newly generated market. Emphasis has whence shifted to the potential effects that this emerging trend of online advertisement may collapse on paper advertisement, both in popularity and advertisement revenue. Statement of the ProblemAdvertisement plays a very important function in the trading processes as it is the only instrument through which a business rouse bring to the attention of the consumers about their products, introduce a new product in the market or promote the sales of an existing product or service. All these are core activitieswithout which, a business setup commodenot efficaciously compete f or customers in the al containy-crowded market. Though there are numerous media through which a business may place its advertisements, the nigh ordinarily used medium is the publisher because of its wide readership and circulation.With the advent and proficiency of applied science, report publishers know embraced information technology to an termination of pre displaceing their offsprings both as paper and online meter knowl rings. This advancement means that entrepreneurs hasten the option of choosing which adaption of a newspaper through which to place their advertisements. This will in the main be heady by an entrepreneurs own evaluation of the medium that will best face the business needs. Lately, there ONLINE AND paper publicizing 13 as been maturement debate about the popularity of online newspaper and newspaper. This debate abidenot escape the attention of entrepreneurs who portentously rely on these news media for their advertisements. There is gene ral consensus that online interpretations of newspapers are sucking popularity among readers worldwide. Could this change magnitude popularity and, to some extent, translate into increased preference by entrepreneurs to place their advertisements online rather of the news release variance of newspapers? Background of the ProblemGiven the central constituent which newspapers play in the advertisement of goods and services by businesses, it is only important that entrepreneurs spread out special attention and critical evaluation on the meretriciousness of readership and desktop of circulation of both the online version and news release version of newspapers. This would mean that new considerations are factored in when making a choice for advertisement media by business contrary to previous emphasis that focused only on readership and circulation. Ability to access n advertisement by potential customers is a major tending that attracts heated boardroom debates in companies, tokenly collectible to intense competition for the crowded market. The signifi dirty dogce of an advertisement media with regard to scope of out ready means that both entrepreneurs and advertisement agencies require a responsibility to buy out the use of advertisement media capable of optimizing market outreach for a product or service. divulge aspects for consideration with regard to choice of advertisement media are in the main in bailiwicks of target audience and access.These entail considerations of readership and circulation which would ensure that an advertisement reaches the highest number of target audience within the shortest duration assertable and draws attention in the about appropriate way. ONLINE AND NEWSPRINT advertizing 14 While some(prenominal) entrepreneurs are coming up with several measures of ensuring they signifi bumtly save on advertisement costs for their products and services, advertising agencies are of the opinion that optimizing market outreach can best be achieved by choosing a media with huge readership and wide circulation.Key areas suggested by advertisement experts include impact and ability to attract attention among other advertisements. When due consideration is given to these two aspects, an advertisement media will be able to achieve market outreach by approximately 70%, which is equivalent to strong-nigh 5% of the agree product market in a crowded environment. It is generally agreed that upgrading of newspapers to online versions can help to significantly improve their readership and accessibility, translating to wider market outreach for online advertisements.Such advancement in technology has for salientgish been credited as significant part of increasing readership, expanding circulation, and making presbyopic-wearing impact in advertisement. The most remarkable gain for online advertisement can be attri exclusivelyed to the increase in number of people owning reckoners and so outgo a lot of time o n the internet unlike the numbers pool of people buying news stigma and the time they evanesce reading it. defense for the StudyEffects of online advertisement toward newsprint advertisement are a welcome topic at this time when there is growing concern that newsprint advertisement is becoming less and less utile in an environment where consumers are increasingly getting their information online and from other non-traditional sources. This de runion has also drawn a lot of objection from newspaper advertisement sales agent who insist that newsprint advertising is more effective than online advertising.To them, newsprint advertising is tangible, making it possible for a potential ONLINE AND NEWSPRINT ADVERTISEMENT 15 customer to clip it out, hold in the mountain and carry to the store unlike online advertisements, which is only visual. Though online advertisement can cost a business slightly more, it is becoming more popular with consumers and can thus not be simply brushed of f. This calls for a strategy that will ensure that this advertisement medium is embraced without jeopardizing the profits of a business. Deficiencies in the evidenceThe choice of an advertisement media that an entrepreneur or a business opts to use for its products or services are primarily determined by size of business and the target audience whether they are other businesses, youth, elderly, men or women. The access to an advertisement by these groups of persons is quite varied as all of them induct their own preferences of media choices. The youth may be erect of internet while the elderly may be modify to newsprint. While online advertising may make a big impact among the youth, it may not necessarily do the equal with the elderly or housewives.The size of a business will also play a big piece in the choice of advertising media. For example, infinitesimal businesses may not endure all the money to invest in certain media which are considered expensive and are because a preserve for big businesses. announce is an expensive venture and may not be benevolent or affordable to all entrepreneurs. This means that the choice of a media may not necessarily be determined by its effectiveness but rather by the coronation capacity of any given entrepreneur. secernate obtained for this study will thus be influenced to a greater extent by individual entrepreneur considerations and not necessarily by the popularity of any given media. ONLINE AND NEWSPRINT ADVERTISEMENT 16 Definition of Terms Advertising Media refers to means by which an advertising message is carried to potential customers and includes television, radio, internet, magazines, newspaper, and signage Online Advertising refers to advertising that is through with(p) over the internet Newsprint Advertising refers to placing advertisements on a newspaper Purpose of the StudyThe purpose of studying effects of online advertisement toward newsprint advertisement is to 1. batten that entrepreneurs ar e provided with ample information regarding the mingled advertisement media to enable them make informed choices 2. discipline that myths revolving effectiveness of either newsprint advertisement or online advertisement are eliminated and substituted with live statistics 3. Ensure that advertisement agencies are able to adjust their media in a path that will enable businesses reach their target audience in the most effective way and at the least(prenominal) cost possible 4.Ensure that recommendations are made that would help entrepreneurs make a choice on the most effective media for their advertisements. This study is significant because it would help in ensuring that useful information is made available to help entrepreneurs with their advertisement decisions, oddly those counsel on newsprint and online advertisements. It will also ensure that advancements in technology are ONLINE AND NEWSPRINT ADVERTISEMENT 17 embraced and advertising services evolve to best meet the opport unities and challenges of the rising day with regard to market outreach.Hypotheses The following hypotheses were tried and true in this study 1. H01 Advertising plays a central role in business success. HA1 Advertising does not play a central role in the success of a business. 2. H02 roughly businesses advertise on newsprint media. HA2 Most businesses do not advertise on newsprint media. 3. H03 Most entrepreneurs prefer to use online advertisements for their products. HA3 Most entrepreneurs do not prefer to use online advertisement for their products. 4. H04 Newsprint advertising is more effective that online advertising.HA4 Newsprint advertising is less effective than online advertising. 5. H05 Online advertising is the future of product advertisement. HA5 Online advertising is not the future of product advertisement. Summary The shift in focus by entrepreneurs and businesses to put more attention on online advertisement kinda on the traditional advertisement media is broadly seen as one of the main stairs toward technological revolution of the advertising patience. This would go a immense way in realizing wider market outreach and increased sales for businesses and publishers who embrace the internet for their yields.This, in essence, would mean increased readership for online version of newspapers, translating into bigger profit margins. ONLINE AND NEWSPRINT ADVERTISEMENT 18 This study has been designed to explore various modes of newspapers as major advertisement media which can be used by entrepreneurs and businesses to advertise their products and services. special(prenominal) focus has been given to booster cable Newsprint and track Online, which are Malaysias leading English publications. Chapter two of this work is an extensive literature come off on matters relating to online and newsprint publications as well as online and newsprint advertisement.Chapter terce is an outline of info collection and treatment while chapters four and cin que respectively present findings and discussions. Chapter six outlines major conclusions and recommendations. ONLINE AND NEWSPRINT ADVERTISEMENT 19 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW Introduction publishers have conventionally contend a very significant role in the advertisement of goods and services. This has been mainly attributed to their wide readership and circulation since they can be easily obtained, from the nearest street marketer to the biggest shopping mall in the biggest city.The readership of newspapers also cut across all ages, sexes, and mixer classes as they normally publish articles that would be useful to all these category of persons in one way or the other,. Newspapers have for long dominated the advertisement scene due to the low costs elusive as compared to other advertisement media. Newspaper comes either as newsprint or online. Newspaper publishers have lately resorted to the two kinds of publication to meet the various demands of different readers (Mutter, 20 10).The introduction of online version of newspaper has seen a significant drop in the readership of the print newspaper, and this trend is projected to quell into the future. This scenario which is almost inevitable and probably irreversible is generating big concern on the future of printed newspaper as well as newsprint advertisement. The printing of newspaper sojourns very important for publishers since it is responsible for the biggest volume of revenue for publishers, add roughly 90% of the total revenue for a newspaper company.psychoanalyst are quick to point that any attempt to rid of print newspaper would simply through publication companies out of business since the advertising revenue will almost drop to 5%, if not zipper (Mutter, 2010). However, the continued survival of print newspaper will to a great extent be determined by consumer demands, good state of an economy, and the vex of marketers to use newsprint ONLINE AND NEWSPRINT ADVERTISEMENT 20 advertising. It i s predicted that with the diminishing scotch prospects declining advertising revenue, there is a high possibility of a major drop in consumer demand for print newspapers.This is based on the fact that close to half of print newspaper readers are aged commonwealth who are statistically in all likelihood to pass out with time. The jr. universe of discourse is not found of print newspapers, and this habit will probably conform to them to old age. Unless this readership habit of the younger macrocosm changes, it is quite evident that the print newspaper readership will continue to shrink as the aged creation slowly makes their exit, leaving the younger population that has already formed a habit of not reading the print newspaper (Mutter, 2010). Evaluation of bell ringer Newspaper marker newspaper has conventionally been associated with a number of advantages, which have probably made it very popular. It is generally agreed that print newspapers have loyal readership, which makes it a powerful advertising tool as compared to internet. scrape newspaper is considered very effective when a particular geographic area is being targeted for example, when you want to notify people of about a extravertive sporting event. For those who have information to convey, print newspaper is more pliable in terms of space as one is able to determine the size that would best suit his/her needs.Certain print newspapers enjoy many loyal fans, thus increasing their readership (Lad, 2009). On the other hand, print newspapers have certain disadvantages. bell ringer newspaper generally has limited lifespan, meaning they are only available to the public for a champion daytime later which they are withdrawn from sale. patsy newspaper may not give a wide reach as compared with internet that has a orbicular audience. Print newspapers have the limitation in terms of the ONLINE AND NEWSPRINT ADVERTISEMENT 21 audience who may actually read it, and certain copies may actually not b e available on demand at all measure (Lad, 2009).Evaluation of Online Newspaper Online newspapers tend to offer information to the reader much more quickly as compared to the print version. The online version is always available on the internet before the print version is on the streets. Online publications can normally be updated several times in a day with the latest news and happenings. Moreover, while print version is purchased, online newspapers are accessed free of charge. This makes it possible for a reader to use a wide spectrum of newspapers possible.Online versions enable users to make use of links to divide oversize units of information into more easily digestible portions, and to chase information in the newspaper is also automated. Readers of online versions are able to archive articles on the figurer, clear up editors via e-mail, and use interactive games (Lad, 2009). The disadvantages attributed to online versions included the fact that they do not give detailed r eports on all the subjects and tend to omit several sections found in the print version. This limits information available to the online reader.Reading from a computer does not convey the traditional experience of reading a newspaper, which is a key characteristic of print newspaper. During peak times when several users are scrambling to access news, the download times are very long. Online newspapers are characterized by so many links which are quite conf utilise instead of being useful, oddly the amount of question necessary and the need to ever check the link address. cardinal gets tired looking at the computer screen and it may take time to get used to them (Lad, 2009).ONLINE AND NEWSPRINT ADVERTISEMENT 22 Case Study trail Online and lead story Newspaper The Star is one of the leading English language newspapers in Malaysia. The statistics issued from the size up Bureau of Circulation advise that the print version of this newspaper has a casual circulation of nearly 950, 000 copies while the Sunday Star records a readership of nearly 850,000. The publication is mainly owned by the Malaysian Chinese Association. The main competitors of this publication are The Sun and the New Straits Times, which are also make in English.The Star newspaper traces its history back in 1971, when it was front published as a regional newspaper in Georgetown. By 1976, the newspaper had gained subject area circulation in Malaysia, and established its headquarters at the dry lands capital, Kuala Lumpur. The growth in business saw the company relocate to Petaling Jaya, where it is currently based (Star Publication, 2009). The companys print newspapers, The Star fooling and The Sunday Star are published in five different discrepancys. Two of the editions cover the northern eninsular states of Penang, Kedah, Perlis, Kelantan, and Perak. Two other editions cover the swelled country. The Star insouciant is divided into sections consisting of the main Paper, StarBiz, St arTwo, Star Metro, and classified section. The features of the Main Paper are preponderatingly local anaesthetic and international news. The StarBiz is mainly implicated with trade and reports on market trends, financial reports, and stock market updates. On the other hand, Star Two mainly feature articles on entertainment, environment, science, lifestyle, and behavior among several others.Lastly, the content of Star Metro is varied and tends to focus more on the area of circulation (Star Publication, 2009). The continued demand by the publications readers saw the emergence of The Star Online, which is an internet version of The Star newspaper. This was in response to the persistent ONLINE AND NEWSPRINT ADVERTISEMENT 23 demand for an online version of the newspaper, and it finally made entry into the market in 2005. The company prides its strengths as a newspaper on the cornerstones of internet and media ventures.The Star Online and its many components are produced, managed, dev eloped, and contributed to by the Star Division, The Star Online and Multimedia Newsdesk teams of The Stars newspaper column Department (Star Publication, 2009). Newsprint Advertisement Advertisement can be traced to the emergence of trading activities from very early days as evidenced by archeological artifacts drawn from different parts of the world. With the invention of the printing press in 1440 by Johannes Gutenberg who was a German Goldsmith, merchants were able to duplicate advertisements for their wares.By the late 19th and early 20th centuries, newsprint advertising had become the primary means for companies to communicate their sales and furtherances to the consumers. This was mainly through media such(prenominal) as newspapers, magazines, fliers, posters, and billboards (Walker, 2010). Following the invention of printing press, advertisements became a common place in weekly newspapers and periodical journals. The items, which were mainly featured in such advertisements , included new machines, other print publications or reported the discoveries and inventions of the learning era.The first newsprint to offer advertising space for sale was the French publication La Presse in 1836. This saw this newsprint being interchange more cheaply, hence recorded increased readership and profitability. This move inspired other newspapers and magazines across the world to follow suit in this commercial strategy. In the contemporary newsprint, advertising designers are able to visualize highly seminal commercials through digital image manipulation in order to make the biggest market impact (Walker, 2010).ONLINE AND NEWSPRINT ADVERTISEMENT 24 Newsprints stable detain key advertisement medium for either business to such a point that it is hard to imagine doing business without advertising in a newspaper or a magazine. This is particularly important for small businesses that can hardly afford other media of advertisement. Paid-circulation newspapers have for l ong dominated the host media market for advertisement as reflected in advertisement sales volumes. Newspapers are very popular with both multinational businesses and small-scale dealers.This is probably due to the fact that businesses come in three distinct forms namely local, regional, and national newspapers each targeting different audience according to its scope of circulation (Patsula Media, 2007). Advantages There are a number of advantages that print newspaper advertisements have over online advertisements. Print newspapers have very wide circulation as almost every star sign in the city subscribed to daily access of a printed newspaper. Where the advertisement is intended to reach audience only in a particular geographical region, print newspaper readily permits this.The printed advertisement benefits from both permanency and desired obsolescence. This means that a reader is able to refer back or even cut out a particular advert. Print newspapers have a predictable freque ncy of publication, either on daily or weekly basis, making it possible for advertisers to target days of wider readership for their adverts (Brassil, 2010). The instancy that print newspapers have makes it possible for imperative advertisements to be responded fast, thereby producing urgent results. When deadlines are short, it permits quick responses to changing market conditions.Readers are already habituated themselves to getting advertisements on print newspapers to an extent that a good number buys print newspapers just to read advertisements. At the same time, print newspaper reading has nearly become a habit for ONLINE AND NEWSPRINT ADVERTISEMENT 25 most people. Specific sector adverts can be very easily fit(p) on the various sections of print newspaper such as sports, news, and classifieds to ensure the target is directly hit (Brassil, 2010). Print newspapers give advertisers a lot of flexibility both in size and placement.This means that production changes can be easil y responded to whenever the need arises. Advertisements that are placed on print newspapers can be examined at leisure since the characterisation is not limited, thus readers are able to take their time liberation through the message. Since placement on print newspaper can be tailored to a size that suits the budget of the advertiser, it is possible even for small businesses to place their small adverts at low costs. Print newspapers offer wide options to advertisers whether place their advertisements as copy only, copy with graphics, colored, or black and white.Finally, print newspapers features supplements which readers can easily pull out and save (Brassil, 2010). Disadvantages Advertising on print newspaper has not escaped its own set of shortcomings. Because of the vauntingly number of advertisements which are featured on the newspaper, any particular advertisement must compete for readers attention. This means that readers who only spend a few minutes reading the print news paper may fail to capture the advertisement. At the same time, there is hardly a guarantee that everybody who reads the print newspaper will read the advertisements placed in it.This is because a print newspaper has several sections and not all readers read every section of the newspaper. The short lifespan, normally daily, that newspapers have forces advertisers to insert treble advertisements even for a whole week so as to reach a good number of readers. This may be expensive particularly for small businesses (Brassil, 2010). ONLINE AND NEWSPRINT ADVERTISEMENT 26 Online Advertisement The revolution in information and communication technology has come with both opportunities and risks for the business fraternity, particularly from the point of view of the traditionally-established media.Internet as a form of computer aided communication is equally unsure for the print media. The technical potential in advertisement that online newspaper offers surpasses that of the printed newspa per in several ways. Online newspaper is interactive multimedia for providing internal and external net work, while offering a selection of functions, possibility for regular updates, access to archives, rapid access to large number of newspapers, and being paperless, thus ensuring there is no problem of knock off disposal (Neuberger, Tonnemacher, Bibl & Duck, 1998). AdvantagesThe economic constraints that businesses face on everyday basis often leave enterprises with very little money to spare on advertising. This is more common among the small businesses who often find themselves light in the pocket. It is therefore important to opt for an advertisement medium that give optimum production and minimal costs. Online advertisement is generally seen to be complacent in this line than the traditional newsprint advertisement. When online advertisements are on a pay-per-click basis, an entrepreneur only pays when a potential customer clicks on the advert and ends up on the entrepreneur s weathervanesite.This ensures that businesses only pay for leads that end up in their website as opposed to mass messages in the print newspaper that may or may not reach the target audience. There is therefore uttermost return on investment for a business victimisation online advertisement (Rogers, 2010). ONLINE AND NEWSPRINT ADVERTISEMENT 27 Online advertisement also works very quickly given the fact that the day that one gets started is the same day that results manifest. There is basically neither waiting period nor long startup process.Once an entrepreneur is ready to get started, he/she can very easily launch a successful advertisement promotion on a number of channels. This tends to produce quick results and the campaign can also be maintained for a longer period of time unlike print newspapers which have daily lifespan. Online advertisement enables businesses to target their markets more efficiently than print newspapers. This can be achieved through the use of social n etworks that an entrepreneur considers relevant to the campaign.Once these social networks are identified, a business can dig very deeply into their niche, enabling them to produce the maximum results with very little investment (Rogers, 2010). Advertising online has the advantage of giving rarify and thorough statistics that enables a business to tweak and optimize their campaigns to the maximum. This is a total deviation from newsprint advertising when one can do very little to track the success of one campaign as compared to another. Online advertising avails quite a number of information just at a mouse click.With online advertising, an entrepreneur is able to monitor the number of people who visits the business website, where they come from, what they did once they were there, and many other details. Online advertisement also allows liberal obligate and analysis since one is able to manage how many times to show up in the search engines, thus make it possible to gain huge re turns for the business (Rogers, 2010). Disadvantages One key disadvantage that is associated with online advertisement relates to advertising overload as there is incredible amount of jumble on most web pages.This arises from the fact that ONLINE AND NEWSPRINT ADVERTISEMENT every advertiser tries to draw the attention of web viewers, making readers have access to too much information which they can hardly digest. Under these circumstances, the web viewers normally choose to ignore the advertisements and this will lead to low rates of return. Also, online advertisement is still a new image for many advertisement agencies, which simply cannot tell just yet which advertising rule works best (Rogers, 2010). 28 ONLINE AND NEWSPRINT ADVERTISEMENT 29CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY Introduction In research undertaking, the regularityology section is one of the crucial areas to be tackled in a proposal document because it forms the basis of the results of research findings. A research can be faced with big challenges due to wrong choice of method used. To avoid this, good readying of the method is essential and in order to get reliable results. The issue of reliability establishes that a research should have the ability to show consent in the results even after a study is repeatedly done by different researchers.Reliability in research study can also be enhanced through good structure of the methodology. When the fabricate entropy collection methods are used, proportional samples are collected, and the correct method of analysis is used, a research can achieve daring. Since this thesis is inducive in nature, it prompted the use of a qualitative methodology. This means that the views of newspaper publishers and advertisement experts have been given a lot of weight. This was done by administering both physical and online questionnaires as well as conducting in-depth interviewseach lasting nearly 45 minutes.Those interviewed had to be newspaper publishers, advertisement a gencies, and general newspaper readers in Malaysia who have been in the sector for the last five years. Moreover, at the time of the interview, they were actively engaged in related media and general businesses. This ensured very fat entropy was gathered from persons with a wealth of experience. Data Collection Methods The key purpose of data collection was to ensure that a rich set of description was obtained. To achieve this, the interviews were transcribed in real time by the interviewer.The ONLINE AND NEWSPRINT ADVERTISEMENT 30 responses were then reduced and examine by adopting principles of data codification and clustering (Miles & Huberman, 1994). This was supplemented by administration of questionnaires as well as large review of relevant literature. Sources The data gathered for this research is from a wide range of documentary sources relating to newspapers as advertisement medium in general as well as those specifically relating to print newspaper and online newspape r giving special emphasis to The Star Publications.These mainly included policy documents and academic and the non-academic documents. First, journals on newspaper advertisements were searched. Second, electronic databases were searched using key words like newsprint advertisement, online advertisement real The Star newspaper and effects of online advertisement on newsprint advertisement. publications review included both conceptual and empirical works, with about 15 articles reviewed for this study. wonders The interviews dwelt on the following areas ? The considerations when choosing advertisement media ?The relationship between newspaper readership and circulation and advertisement impact ? The means of promoting advertisement on both print newspaper and online newspaper so as to enable business reap maximum benefits from these advertisement media ? What the future holds for print newspapers and online newspapers, with emphasis on The Star chance(a) and The Star Online. ONLIN E AND NEWSPRINT ADVERTISEMENT 31 Questionnaires A questionnaire survey of the newspaper publication sector was conducted to understand the aspects of print newspaper and online newspaper advertisements in Malaysia.The survey was ex endatory in nature as the objective was to gain insight on the effects of online advertisement on newsprint advertisement. The questionnaire was administered to nearly nose candy Malaysia entrepreneurs, 100 Star Publication readers, and over 100 advertisement experts. The set sent to the entrepreneurs and advertisement experts included a cover letter, which explains the purpose and need for the study, the questionnaire document, and a prepaid reply envelope. Letters reminding the respondents of the questionnaires were later sent to those who had not responded within the three weeks duration.Case Study This thesis involves definitive use of representative studies to gain a deeper insight through the application of a set of ideas. A multiple pillow slip study approach helps in developing a theory which is better grounded, more accurate, and more generalized (Eisenhardt & Graebner, 2007). Case studies are introduced to test the possible effects that advertising in online newspapers could have on advertising on print newspapers, and the users adoption of one over the other. The use of case study is important in practical testing of theories with practitioners in real life situation.The case study organizations are selected based on the idea of supposititious sampling. This is because when it comes to building a theory, theoretical sampling tends to be preferred as compared to generalized concept found in statistical studies. This means that the cases are chosen for theoretical and not for statistical reasons (Schroeder, Linderman, Liedtke & Choo, 2008). An analysis has been developed on how the use of online advertisement is steadily gaining popularity among entrepreneurs in Malaysia, and particularly the use of The Star Online.ON LINE AND NEWSPRINT ADVERTISEMENT 32 Survey Analysis From the nearly 100 questionnaires that were mailed to entrepreneurs, 85 were returned. This represented an 85% response to the questionnaires. However, those that contained usable data were only 70, thus a satisfactory response rate can be tell to have been reasonably attained. From the 100 questionnaires administered to advertisement experts, 80 were duly accomplished and handed over. From these about 74 contained usable data representing nearly 80% response rate which can be considered satisfactory.Ninety-five out of the 100 readers of both versions of The Star duly responded to the questionnaires and all had useful data. Chart 1 Treatment of Data In research, the data collected need to be synthesized in order to make sense with regard to what is being studied. The data from the questionnaires in this research were analyzed extensively to retrieve the information contained in them (Zikmund, 2003). The triangulation method for data analysis and interpretation was used to interpret the data collected, basing arguments on grounded theory (Dick, 2000 Knafl & Breitmayer, 1991).In addition, the information obtained from the case study were analyzed individually and thereafter, a comparison was made between the different data sources. ONLINE AND NEWSPRINT ADVERTISEMENT 33 Research Limitations The main limitation that may be pointed out in this research is the use of a single case study. However, it is also true that online advertisement is still a new-made concept that has not gained much popularity among entrepreneurs. At the same time, the single case approach has weight in the sense that it allows the achievement of a comprehensive analysis.Some of the information have also not been validated through multiple case analyses so as to provide a stiff and practical basis for understanding the effects of online advertisement on newsprint advertisement. Rigor, Validity, Reliability, and Ethics The four categorie s of quality management in research were highly considered. These include validity, reliability, ethics, and cruelty (Zikmund, 2003). Reliability of a research is its ability to tell consistency in results this was achieved through the control of sample by stratifying the population to get a more representative sample.On the other hand, validity is the ability of a scale to measure what it is intended to measure but not going beyond the topic of the study. The triangulation method was used to control this aspect in the thesis. Ethics involves adherence to the norms chooseed in multitude of information and this has been ensured by providing secrecy on the information collected from the entrepreneurs. Lastly, the rigor of the research was directed toward efficient sample size in a critical facet in any investigation.The main purpose that a researcher utilizes a sample is to reduce the charges and to collect important data faster (Zikmund, 2003). ONLINE AND NEWSPRINT ADVERTISEMENT Human Rights Protection The people who were interviewed were assured of their confidentiality. In addition, the information gathered ensures the peoples privacy. The entrepreneurs and their businesses will have their rights protected. Research Schedule/Timeline This research took a period of eight weeks. This is considered an idealistic timeframe given the busy schedule of some of the subjects who were to be interviewed and have allow appointments at later dates.A detailed summary of the work plan for the research has been tabulated below Table 1 Work Plan calendar week 1 workweek 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Research proposal Preliminary literature review search Literature review and writing Interviews Case study collection Interview editing, coding and interpretation Report interpretation Report writing and intromission 34 ONLINE AND NEWSPRINT ADVERTISEMENT 35 CHAPTER 4 RESULTS Research findings indicate that The Star Online is not yet well explored as regular ly as The Star unremarkable print version.According to the survey, only 41% of the users of The Star Online read it daily, as opposed to the 60% who read The Daily Star daily. Chart 2 Seventy percent read The Star Online edition several times a week, while 80% read The Star Daily several times a week. just now 5% of online users conjecture they never read a print version. Online newspapers are read less frequently and also for shorter periods than printed newspapers. Four out of five users (81%) spend less than an hour reading The Star Online on days when they read it. Only 35% of print readers spend such a short time on it.About one-third of the readers of both The Star Online and The Star Daily were un unforced to pin themselves down to a particular time of day for reading the paper. One in four (25%) said they read The Star Daily between 5 and 9 a. m. The main time for reading The Star Online is somewhat 6 p. m. (38%)this is the time preferred by users of the online edition, which can be read ONLINE AND NEWSPRINT ADVERTISEMENT 36 on the level before the printed version appears or which are updated several times in the course of the day.In The Star Online version, the classic sections of the newspaper are the most frequently used. The section Local News is also highly popular. One in three readers of the online version uses the archive frequently (32%) and only about one-third of users did not read the small ads (37%). Items with entertainment value or with feedback possibilities were not very popular. Clear differences emerged between the different kinds of versions, and this only shows that preferences are transferred from the print media to their online equivalents.Proof of this is the strong interest in Local/regional Affairs of Internet users of local and regional newspapers or the importance attached to up-to-date information on politics and business matters. A number of questions dealt with the comparison of the information content of The Star On line compared with The Star Daily. Compared with the print version, the online newspaper was rated 45% of the respondents as providing more expanse of information, while only 30% voted in prefer of the print version on this criterion 20% rated both versions on this count.The smaller size of The Star Online compared with The Star Daily may be the reason that the print newspaper was rated by advantageously more respondents as providing greater scope of information. Chart 3 ONLINE AND NEWSPRINT ADVERTISEMENT 37 Regarding finding information in the paper, the position is more positive for The Star Online 50% of users stated that they could find their way around just as well as in The Star Daily, while 20% were able to find their way around the online version better.With regard to entertainment value, 40% of users found The Star Online just as good as print version, 35% of users rated print version better and 27% favored online version. What about reader loyalty? About 65% would have c hosen The Star Daily and just fewer than 30% would have preferred The Star Online, if only one of the versions had been available. The decision in favor of the print version was based on its portability, while the advantages of the online version were seen as being its accessibility from outside the normal circulation area and the avoidance of cast-off(prenominal) paper.The main advantage, however, in the eyes of the respondents was that online newspapers are normally provided free of charge. It is therefore not surprising that only 35% of users would be prepared to accept a charge. Out of these, 80% stated that they would only be unbidden to pay for online newspapers if they were cheaper than print newspapers. Only 1% of those users willing to accept a charge could imagine paying more for online newspapers. Apparently, then, users are not willing to pay for the advantages of online newspapers. ONLINE AND NEWSPRINT ADVERTISEMENT 38 CHAPTER 5 DISCUSSIONThe case study of Star Public ations shows that online newspaper users base their activities and/or askations on the print newspaper and use or design their product accordingly. The online user knows what to expect of a site as the online version retains the name of the printed version, use a identical layout, and similar contents. Moreover, the positive image of a paper can be transferred to the internet. On the other hand, too strong orientation toward the printed lord could mean that the possibilities offered by internet technology are not in full exploitedthat copy is simply lifted from the printed version.Given such trends toward the future consumption of newspapers, it is clear that online newspapers are steadily taking over the readership of print newspapers. This has the potential of influencing the choices of advertisement media, which entrepreneurs will be making regarding print newspapers or online newspapers. The concern for newspaper publishers would be about the timeframe for which their print newspaper audience would be big enough to justify such huge investment toward publication and distribution of print newspapers.Similar concern would be to entrepreneurs and businesses which still rely heavily on print newspaper for their advertisements. Are they likely to continue using print newspapers for their advertisements or the trend would most likely shift toward online newspapers? The introduction of charges for use seems scarcely possibleat least not as long as the same or similar information is available on the Internet free of charge. The doubts of the advertising industry may evaporate as the Internet becomes increasingly widespread and commonly used (Mutter, 2010).ONLINE AND NEWSPRINT ADVERTISEMENT 39 CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS major Conclusions It would be quite wrong and misleading to rule out the future of print newspapers as advertising media just because of the increased use of online advertising. The creation is that paid circulation newspapers l ike The Star and Sunday Star still remain very popular advertising media for both local and international businesses. Print newspapers are the most aged forms of mass media, and will thus continue to be dominant in this field, recording big volumes of advertising revenue.Multinationals and local convenience store will continue to depend on print newspapers for their advertisements. Print newspapers are found in each and every community worldwide and readers are very fond of them (Brassil, 2010). Both online and newsprint advertisement have their characteristics which show strong and weak points. This explains why despite the sensed decline in readership of print newspapers, a scan through a print newspaper will reveal a number of businesses that continue to place their advertisements on daily basis.The continued presence of advertisements on newsprint clearly indicates that it still works as a very effective advertisement medium. Although printed newspaper no longer enjoys exclusiv e monopoly as the predominant source of news, it is clear that they still remain a strong factor in their specific sphere of influence, and online advertisement is not about to edge it out (Brassil, 2010) Recommendations 1. Entrepreneurs should highly consider using both print and online newspapers for their advertisements since both have reasonable number of loyal readers. ONLINE AND NEWSPRINT ADVERTISEMENT 2.When placing advertisements on online newspapers, designers should avoid putting a lot of emphasis on feedbacks since readers seldom give them attention. 3. Advertisements on both versions of newspapers should be critically placed on segments that are frequented by readers so as to attract their attention with ease. 4. golf links placed on online newspapers should be more easy to use so that readers can easily navigate through the paper. 5. Most advertisements that target younger persons should be preferably placed on online newspapers while those targeting older people should be placed on print versions.