Walmart Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Walmart - Article Example Wal-Mart purchases directly from the manufacturer. This coupled with the effective use of technology and warehousing strategies, Wal-Mart is able to provide its customers with quality products at competitive prices. Such decisions made by companies, which help them gain a competitive edge against their rivals in the market are termed strategic decisions. These decisions involve some degree of innovation and thus, help companies gain advantages which are sustainable (Hayden et al, 4). One of the key components of Wal-Mart’s business model is its human resource. The company has a frugal culture yet the working environment is pleasant. The employees are called associates as opposed to employees. An associates’ well being is of high priority for the management. There is no concept of work-union, as the company takes care of associates’ needs and demands. The promotion criterion for managers is dependent upon the profits made by their particular outlet; thus, it leads to maximum work efficiency. In order to inculcate spirit of competitiveness, the stores are not only encouraged to compete with other retail franchises, but also amongst themselves. The organization is well equipped with the latest technological innovations, which are like real time market research, satellite system and store performance tracking. In addition to this Wal-Mart is very particular about its logistic partnerships with various vendors from around the world. Low cost logistics are the reason why Wal-Mart has its present competitive edge. Thus, the company pays special attention to its procurement process (Canak, 5). Over the years Wal-Mart has thrived by using a number of various different factors to its advantage. This includes a business model which till date is a mystery to those outside the organization. The company is also very good at hiding its deficiencies and covering its faults. Thus, it provides an example of organisational model to the competitors seems which virtually seems flawless and is overall very efficient and effective. Such effective strategies by the company, has made it one of largest retailers of America. Wal-Mart follows three fundamental and generic strategies - Focus Strategy, Differentiation Strategy and Cost Leadership. Wal-Mart started its operations by opening large stores in small shops (Canak, 5). At that time, all the other companies focused their efforts and resources on large metropolitan cities. However, Wal-Mart saw a gap and thus, capitalized on it by opening stores in small towns, not only did the company had a monopoly, but also had to pay low rental costs and goods were available at cheap local prices. Wal-Mart aims to not only provide products at low prices, but also provide unique and differentiated products to its consumers. The store’s USP is high quality products at lowest possible prices. This is one strategy that Wal-Mart has followed since the very beginning and plans to follow for its future strategic plans as well. It order to reduce its product cost, the company streamline its procurement process by getting products manufactured from different parts of the world. This reduces the production costs and thus, the eventual end price of a product (Hayden et al 12). High inflation has plagued the world over the past few years. Even though countries have found their way out of the recession, high economic inflation is still a problem. Wal-Mart plans to provide goods at affordable

Schedule Work Essay Example for Free

Schedule Work Essay Carter Cleaning Centers does not have a formal wage structure nor does it have rate ranges or use compensable factors. Wage rates are based mostly on those prevailing in the surrounding community and are tampered with an attempt on the part of Jack Carter to maintain some semblance of equity between what workers with different responsibilities in the stores are paid. Needless to say, carter does not make any formal surveys when determining what his company should pay. He peruses the want ads almost every day and conducts informal surveys among his friends in the local chapter of the Laundry and Cleaning Trade association. While Jack has taken a â€Å"seat – of – the pants† approach to paying employees, his salary schedule has been guided by several basic pay policies. While many of his colleagues adhere to a policy of paying absolutely minimum rates, Jack has always followed a policy of paying his employees about 10% above what he feels are the prevailing rates, a policy that he believes reduces turnover while fostering employee loyalty. Of some what more concern to Jennifer is her father’s informal policy of paying men about 20% more than women for same job. Her father’s explanation is, â€Å"They’re Stronger and can work harder for longer hours, and besides they all have families to support.†The New Pay Plan:The New Pay Plan:

candy chromatography Essay -- essays research papers

Candy chromatography   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My experiment is called candy chromatography. This project is mainly about the colors that are mixed with other colors to make candy markers Koolaid and much more. I think that only the color of the candy is going to show up on the coffee paper. I think that threw the entire experiment the color in the candy is going to show up the entire time. I think this is going to happen because most of the colors are solid colors.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The material and equipment used was a sample of candy such as M&M’s, skittles, and Reese’s pieces. Set food colors for comparison. Filter paper or coffee filters. 0.1% salt solution {1/8 tsp salt in 3 cups of water}. Clear plastic 9 oz cups. Blow dryer. Also you will need some toothpicks and small {1 oz} plastic cups. This are the materials and equipment we used for this experiment .the objective of the experiment is to use the technique of paper chromatography to show that it can be used to separate from each other in a mixture. To understand the principles of paper chromatography.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The procedure for this experiment are: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Put 4 candies of the same color in a cup. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Add 5 or 6 drops of water. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When the white color of the candy comes out, remove and discard the candy. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Add 4 more candies of the same color. (Do not add m...

Willy Loman is No Tragic Hero in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman :: Death of a Salesman Essays

Willy Loman is No Tragic Hero in Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman In Arthur Miller’s essay about â€Å"Tragedy and the Common Man,† he argues that the common man is as appropriate a subject for tragedy as the very highly placed kings and noble men. Mankind keeps tragedy above all forms because they are given the same mental abilities as the nobles. In â€Å"Death of a Salesman†, Willy Loman is a common man and a middle class worker, enough saving to provide food for his family. So if the tragic hero can be a common man, does Willy fit in that category? Even though he is a common man he fails to live up to the standards of being a tragic hero because he never accepts nor admits to his own errors. He, therefore, loses his dignity. One of his biggest errors is his failure of be a good father. Willy Loman’s character is capable of making errors. He believes he is a very successful salesman and well liked. He also thinks that the company likes what he is doing. He once said, â€Å"I’m the New England man. I am vital in New England† (Miller pg. 32) Because of his false belief about his success Howard fired him. After he got fired charley offered him a job, but he refuses to accept, because he is too proud and jealous to work for Charley. His actions were wrong because at no time was a successful salesman. He is not a powerful character. Willy lives in his fantasies where he is the man. Who goes out to another place and comes out rich, he is love by everyone and admired by his family. In real life, he is lazy and does not live up to his own ideals. â€Å"As Aristotle explains, a tragic hero must be one of noble character and must fall from power and happiness.†(Www.ccd.rightchoice.org/lit115/poetics.html) but Willy neither has a noble characteristi c nor does he fall from power because he does not have a position of power. According to Miller, a tragic hero is someone who dies for personal dignity. Willy does die for his dignity. â€Å"Those who act against the scheme of things that degrades them.†(Miller. Tragedy of the Common Man) Willy, in his ideas and action of committing suicide, fits in that category. In act 2, Willy reveals his desires to win back Biff’s respect by committing suicide.

Gerontology Aging Simulation

Age Simulation Reaction I often times sit back and think of myself as elder later on in life. So many thoughts come to mind about my physical appearance; not so many thoughts in regards to my own mindset or the mindset of others that surround me, both seniors and young people. I have never been a person to care how others feel about me, but this one day in particular when I was put in the shoes of an elderly person my world was turned upside down by the words, looks, and thoughts of others. Going into this simulation I looked at it on the surface, how could being in the shoes of an older person for one day get so deep?.Of course there was an expectation of being limited to a degree but the limitations I was stuck with were difficult beyond belief. Minuscule things became very complex to me, things like writing or picking something up were so troublesome because of the decrease of my fine motor skills. Or how about being able to partake in a simple game of Uno or reading a newspaper b eing suddenly hard for you. These are just a few of the past pleasures that were current irritations. Over the next couple of day I began to ponder on how I take granted the simple, everyday activities or joys of life.I also wondered how I could improve the way I treat elders, whether it’s someone I come in contact with regularly or just a senior in front of me driving slow. I have to learn to control my feelings and expressions towards them, I actually salute them. I don’t know how an elder person keeps on fighting, I experienced their life for one day only and it seem as though the world around me was craving in. Being blind and having hip arthritis wasn't so easy to cope with, I wasn’t able to be as mobile as I would have liked.In fact, I not being as mobile resulted in other health issues. Those around me were in worse condition, on top of the little impairments that affected me, they had limitations such as deafness, having had a stroke, knee injuries, majo r illnesses, and lastly a death of one person closely connected to me. We all started off playing Uno with no problems but as time went on we were unable to play. We couldn’t see the cards, hear each other, and also had trouble even grabbing the cards due to loss of fine motor skills or mobility of some limbs in whole.Those having strokes definitely slowed up the process, most time they were asking me to hand them something or do something for them. I had to have patience when dealing with Morgan, Suzy, and Kelsey; they were very limited. It was kind of stressful to know that I had it better off than them and they relied on me. It was like I felt guilty not helping them because their conditions outweighed those of mines. I was handing this one this and helping that one with that; it was not easy at all. Participating in this exercise gave me anxiety to know that I will one day be face to face with these problems in reality.Also sadness came over me knowing that actual people have to deal with this in life, as the public or on the outside looking in you don’t think of how elders feel or think. I, myself was guilty of some prejudices placed upon seniors. I didn’t really think of elders as individuals anymore, I didn’t think of them able person and this is said to be a myth in â€Å"The Nine Myths of Aging† by Douglas Powell. In this article he talks about how elders are grouped together and treated as a whole not separate.Another myth in which I found to be exactly that is an unsound body is equal to an unsound mind, I find those with more time here on Earth to be some of the most intelligent individuals. Some of the knowledge I now have has come from my grandmother or my elder colleagues. They are so insightful, they don’t just make decision swiftly but they take time to think and contemplate on all the outcomes and resources available. Look at it this way most of them made it this far in their journey and it has result ed in them being wise.I am a true believer that old dogs can learn new tricks, I work in a factory with people are biologically old yet can adapt to new ideas and functions, in some cases are the innovators. Use it or lose it in some cases can be true but I don’t think we should stereotype all older people under this belief. Although my grandmother has health issues I don’t see the depression, self-centeredness, or isolation people talk about. She loves to go places with people of all ages and interest. So that shows me that a lot of thoughts of others are false, nowhere near the truth.I now believe elders to be useful and most enjoyable people to be around. Often times even those who job is to work with seniors don’t see the value that they hold. You can tell by the way in which they treat and talk to them. While they are professionals and trained on how to interact with them, that is actually their downfall. They are trained on how to speak, interact, and resp ond to others; they lose sight of the feelings or connection that makes an interaction favorable. For some seniors the only real interaction they get comes from a professional and for it not to be pleasant can be damaging.Between all the illnesses, impairments, and stresses feeling appreciated or respected by others could go a long way. Even though it was simulation, I got a chance to see from the inside looking out how elders are treated and talked to. During the simulation I was talked down upon with little cheesy terms of endearment, Hun or honey. When time for meds or snacks I wasn’t an opinion or explained. I felt like a prisoner to others just because I had aged. Communication goes a long way with everyone not just elders, so it is especially important when it comes to them.Everyone knows to be polite and respectful to others on general principle. Though I was hard of hearing, instead of yelling distastefully one could stoop or sit to be on the same level as me and clos e in distance repeat clearly. As said in, â€Å"Communicating Respectfully With Older Adults. † Up until reason I used to find myself trying to quickly finish the thoughts of elders with thoroughly listening to their thoughts, it always seemed to take to long for them disclose them fully. Another thing I would do is make decisions for older adults because it seems like it takes them forever to do so.There’s been times when I have went to volunteered at a nursing home where my great aunt is and I would be assigned with helping with meals. During this some of the seniors needed to take meds, I was used to give them instructions fast because I assumed it was a part of their routine. I was always repeating things, but I never thought to slow down and ask them if they had any questions. I just was worried about achieving the goal not how it was achieved. That is a slip on my end. At the end of the day I learned so much about being an elder.I took away lessons that I could o nly learned by being in these shoes. I have a different outlook on how elders feel, I don’t think it’s fair how we pass judgment on them; they are individuals just like us. I think all the prejudices that come up when elders come to mind are from us on the exterior. We don’t give them a chance to express how they feel or make decisions. We don’t give them a chance to do things on their because of the rate in which they do them. We are the one damming them to be useless. We have got to do better by those ones who made a way for us.

Confidence

Confidence Confidence Confidence By Maeve Maddox The Latin verb fidere means â€Å"to trust.† Adding the prefix con-, â€Å"with,† gives confidere, â€Å"to have full trust or reliance.† According to a note in the OED, the word may have originated to show the relationship between two people, â€Å"two friends who mutually confide in or trust each other, and hence are trusted by each other.† In time, the word came to be used in a more general sense. The noun confidence has a variety of meanings. As a synonym for faith or trust, it means â€Å"the mental attitude of trusting in or relying on a person or thing†: And we have confidence in the Lord touching you, that ye both do and will do the things which we command you. 2 Thessalonians 3:4, KJV. Do You Have Confidence in President Obama? Confidence can mean feeling sure of a fact or an issue: Climate models now include more cloud and aerosol processes, but there remains low confidence in the representation and quantification of these processes in models. Speakers frequently use confidence in the sense of â€Å"assurance arising from reliance on oneself: What can I do to help my child have confidence when in new situations? 10 Tips to Boost Your Confidence Confidentiality is required of lawyers, priests, social workers, and anyone else to whom private matters are confided. For example: There are many specific areas regarding consent and confidentiality that are particularly difficult for teens, parents, health care professionals and lawmakers. Other â€Å"with trust† words: confident (adjective), confidential (adjective), confidentially (adverb), and confide (verb): Less-Confident People are More Successful Teachers should discuss such matters confidentially with individual parents. Confidentially, I don’t much care for the terms Usonian and Usonia. It’s difficult nowadays to keep personal information confidential. It was a mistake to confide in her: she posted everything I told her on Facebook. Before 1700, a person trusted with private information, â€Å"usually amorous,† was called a confident [sic]. Then the French word confidant/confidante entered the language. For a time, English speakers observed the masculine/feminine differences in writing, but now a confidant can be either a man or a woman. Anyone familiar with the television series The Golden Girls is acquainted with the opening words of its theme song: Thank you for being a friend Traveled down the road and back again Your heart is true, you’re a pal and a confidant. Finally, there’s such a thing as too much confidence, either because a person thinks he knows it all, or because a person trusts the wrong person: Malcolm Gladwell drew an important distinction between the normal mistakes that result from incompetence (not knowing enough) and mistakes made because of the overconfidence of experts (miscalibration). San Antonio police have arrested a fugitive accused of running a long-term confidence scheme with victims in Ohio, Florida and Texas. He repeatedly befriended his victims, convinced them to give him thousands of dollars and then absconded with the money. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Idioms About Numbers26 Feel-Good Words30 Words Invented by Shakespeare

Cultural Differences in Thailand, Japan, and Philippines Essays

Cultural Differences in Thailand, Japan, and Philippines Essays Cultural Differences in Thailand, Japan, and Philippines Essay Cultural Differences in Thailand, Japan, and Philippines Essay Thailand: This is a country that has a lot of aspects that could be considered great as a supervisor, but other aspects that might make it challenging for them also. There is a large number of high power distance in this society, which is part of how this culture views as normal because they accept that if you’re at a below and not above position then you can’t expect to be listened too. What Power Distance explains is that a particular society is willing to accept a certain inequality in power, this allows for the fact that there will be some who lead, others who follow. As a supervisor in this country we believe you probably wouldn’t be challenged much or ask for anyone’s opinion that was below you, but in fact just make sure they do their work or fire them, which might not inspire great work, but in the fashion of being in this country we believe adapting this way would be more effective then to be seen as a manager who asks advice because of it not being the norm there. When it comes to either being a â€Å"I† or â€Å"We† society, Thailand tends to be more of an collectivist in the sense that the culture values work and family relationships a lot and wants to get the job done together by working on it together until it is done. This society also values trust and loyalty a lot, which shows that lying and being dishonest is frowned a pond big time. Being a supervisor with knowing this would be great to know that the job probably will get done and effectively too, but in the flip side might be hard to decide who to fire because it a group worked so closely you might not know who to point the finger at. The future orientation of this culture is long term, which is said to be thrift and perseverance as big factors in how the society will continue to be in the future. These two keys words help as a supervisor to show that you have workers that will get thru their work and will make sure it gets done and then start on another job right after that one is done. Some random taboos in Thailand are touching of the head and pointing with your feet, because the head is viewed as the most sacred and feet the most dirtiest in this culture. Coming to be a supervisor to this country knowing the taboos and religions are a big way in understanding the culture because they play big roles resulting in values and customs. Japan: This is a country that is probably the most modern and also the most like the United States as far as wealth and technology goes. This is another country with a high level of power distance and they people here are programmed to be told what to do without saying a word after. This society doesn’t believe that women should have any power over a man and that most upper level business jobs women are secretaries or desk worker and not much above that. Workers feel that their managers or supervisors’ decisions are always right based on solely because of the power of their position. When it comes to eye contact is it very disrespectful to look someone above you in the eye in the idea that you aren’t listening to them or don’t care. As a supervisor in this country it probably would be similar to Thailand in the idea that your workers aren’t going to argue with you and will do pretty much anything you tell them to do without any hesitation. This could be a good or bad thing because it you value their opinions they won’t give them to you and if you like that then you will see results in their work because they don’t want to get fired. When it comes to outside work with families the kids are to honor and respect their parents without any question especially their elders and that the schoolteachers there are the ones with the last word and main ideas without input from students. Japan is considered a collectivism culture and the saying there is, â€Å"everyone gains when each member seeks to make the group more efficient†. This type of attitude shows greatly in the work and results that workers show in the work force. Overall, Japan is known to be one if not the top Asian country in respects to money, resources, and technology. Employees are in a way forced to share the same beliefs and attitudes to get the job done and not get fired. Similar to Thailand again in that Japan’s supervisors will see that what they ask to be done will get done with the help of people working together to get it done, but not because they agree with each other with the final draft, but as to not get fired. Recent generations have shown more individualism qualities then collectivism because of better economic times then generations past and many elders view newer generations as rude and disrespectful for having opinions or expressing one’s self out loud. Future orientation is viewed similar to Thailand in that between short or long term, this society is long term also. Japan workers like to get the job done with pace and then move on to another project to be viewed as a good worker. Overall, this culture is filled with new ideas and the old ways of viewing beliefs and values are rapidly changing with each generation and beyond. Malaysia: This is a country that probably is probably the worst out of the three to work at for the fact of how high the power distance is. Malaysia tops the power index at a 104, which means it has huge, huge gaps of inequalities. This is a country that is ruled with a lot of laws and rules that must be obeyed or punishment is most likely over being fired until you understand. When power is this high of difference there is usually a king or leader that tells the people how to be or what to do. Being a supervisor can be bad in the sense that if the workers that you look after don’t do their job you can be responsible and get punished for it. Punishment is looked at as a way to get a job done right and being fired as the worst being so many people are poor or jobless. Malaysia is a highly collectivist society and are raised at a young age to respect and not under mind authoritative figures or elders. Some rules to follow with working is that to not try to talk to someone above you without saying â€Å"Mr. † with their last name and also always address questions to supervisors or managers only and not someone in your same position. Showing frustration or emotion is looking down on and you need to never raise your voice if you have no above position. Shaking hands before meeting or after is usually fine in most countries, but here it is looked as rude and the best way is to have both hands open with a business card and study the card and then put it in your pocket. Again, being a supervisor here can be good in workers getting the job done, but if you’re a supervisor not knowing the culture then you probably will be looked as dumb and get fired from someone above you for being disrespectful and rude. The future for this society is still of probably being ruled with a leader and obeying and doing whatever someone with power tells them to do. The fact that this country has the highest power distance shows that they need better leadership and more equality among large areas. If you were a supervisor and came here from the united states the culture shock would be far more great then the other two countries mentioned earlier for the fact that the huge gaps of power would make you feel like you’re a Hitler type of supervisor because their power is great.

American Literary Periods

American Literary Periods American literature does not easily lend itself to classification by time period. Given the size of the United States and its varied population, there are often several literary movements happening at the same time. However, this hasnt stopped literary scholars from making an attempt. Here are some of the most commonly agreed upon periods of American literature from the colonial period to the present. The Colonial Period (1607–1775) This period encompasses the founding of Jamestown up to a decade before the Revolutionary War. The majority of writings were historical, practical, or religious in nature. Some writers not to miss from this period include Phillis Wheatley, Cotton Mather, William Bradford, Anne Bradstreet, and John Winthrop. The first Slave Narrative, A Narrative of the Uncommon Sufferings, and Surprizing Deliverance of Briton Hammon, a Negro Man, was published during this period, in 1760 Boston. The Revolutionary Age (1765–1790) Beginning a decade before the Revolutionary War and ending about 25 years later, this period includes the writings of Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Paine, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton. This is arguably the richest period of political writing since classical antiquity. Important works include the â€Å"Declaration of Independence,† The Federalist Papers, and the poetry of Joel Barlow and Philip Freneau. The Early National Period (1775–1828) This era in American literature is responsible for notable first works, such as the first American comedy written for the stage- The Contrast by Royall Tyler, written in 1787- and the first American Novel- The Power of Sympathy by William Hill, written in 1789. Washington Irving, James Fenimore Cooper, and Charles Brockden Brown are credited with creating distinctly American fiction, while Edgar Allan Poe and William Cullen Bryant began writing poetry that was markedly different from that of the English tradition. The American Renaissance (1828–1865) Also known as the Romantic Period in America and the Age of Transcendentalism, this period is commonly accepted to be the greatest of American literature. Major writers include Walt Whitman, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Edgar Allan Poe, and Herman Melville.  Emerson, Thoreau, and Margaret Fuller are credited with shaping the literature and ideals of many later writers. Other major contributions include the poetry of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow and the short stories of Melville, Poe, Hawthorne, and Harriet Beecher Stowe. Additionally, this era is the inauguration point of American literary criticism, lead by Poe, James Russell Lowell, and William Gilmore Simms. The years 1853 and 1859 brought the first novels written by African-American authors, both male and female:  Clotel, by William Wells Brown  and Our Nig, by Harriet E. Wilson. The Realistic Period (1865–1900) As a result of the American Civil War, Reconstruction and the age of industrialism, American ideals and self-awareness changed in profound ways, and American literature responded.  Certain romantic notions of the American Renaissance were replaced by realistic descriptions of American life, such as those represented in the works of William Dean Howells, Henry James, and Mark Twain. This period also gave rise to regional writing, such as the works of Sarah Orne Jewett, Kate Chopin, Bret Harte, Mary Wilkins Freeman, and George W. Cable. In addition to Walt Whitman, another master poet, Emily Dickinson, appeared at this time. The Naturalist Period (1900–1914) This relatively short period is defined by its insistence on recreating life as life really is, even more so than the realists had been doing in the decades before. American Naturalist writers such as Frank Norris, Theodore Dreiser, and Jack London created some of the most powerfully raw novels in American literary history. Their characters are victims who fall prey to their own base instincts and to economic and sociological factors. Edith Wharton wrote some of her most beloved classics, such as The Custom of the Country (1913), Ethan Frome (1911), and The House of Mirth (1905) during this time period. The Modern Period (1914–1939) After the American Renaissance, the Modern Period is the second most influential and artistically rich age of American writing. Its major writers include such powerhouse poets as E.E. Cummings, Robert Frost, Ezra Pound, William Carlos Williams, Marianne Moore, Langston Hughes, Carl Sandburg, T.S. Eliot, Wallace Stevens, and Edna St. Vincent Millay. Novelists and other prose writers of the time include Willa Cather, John Dos Passos, Edith Wharton, F. Scott Fitzgerald, John Steinbeck, Ernest Hemingway, William Faulkner, Gertrude Stein, Sinclair Lewis, Thomas Wolfe, and Sherwood Anderson. The Modern Period contains within it certain major movements including the Jazz Age, the Harlem Renaissance, and the Lost Generation. Many of these writers were influenced by World War I and the disillusionment that followed, especially the expatriates of the Lost Generation. Furthermore, the Great Depression and the New Deal resulted in some of America’s greatest social issue writing, such as t he novels of Faulkner and Steinbeck, and the drama of Eugene O’Neill. The Beat Generation (1944–1962) Beat writers, such as Jack Kerouac and Allen Ginsberg, were devoted to anti-traditional literature, in poetry and prose, and anti-establishment politics. This time period saw a rise in confessional poetry and sexuality in literature, which resulted in legal challenges and debates over censorship in America. William S. Burroughs and Henry Miller are two writers whose works faced censorship challenges. These two greats, along with other writers of the time, also inspired the counterculture movements of the next two decades. The Contemporary Period (1939–Present) After World War II, American literature has become broad and varied in terms of theme, mode, and purpose. Currently, there is little consensus as to how to go about classifying the last 80 years into periods or movements- more time must pass, perhaps, before scholars can make these determinations. That being said, there are a number of important writers since 1939 whose works may already be considered â€Å"classic† and who are likely to become canonized.  Some of these very established names are:  Kurt Vonnegut, Amy Tan, John Updike, Eudora Welty, James Baldwin, Sylvia Plath, Arthur Miller, Toni Morrison, Ralph Ellison, Joan Didion, Thomas Pynchon, Elizabeth Bishop, Tennessee Williams, Philip Roth, Sandra Cisneros, Richard Wright, Tony Kushner, Adrienne Rich, Bernard Malamud, Saul Bellow, Joyce Carol Oates, Thornton Wilder, Alice Walker, Edward Albee, Norman Mailer, John Barth, Maya Angelou, and Robert Penn Warren.

VLSI Technology and Reliability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

VLSI Technology and Reliability - Essay Example Introduction Every day in the word transistors sizes and costs are decreasing while as their speed is increasing. The formation of MOS takes place by superimposing several layers of insulating, conducting and transistor forming materials. The CMOS technology provides two types of transistors namely the n-type transistor and the p-type transistor. Motivation The rapidity with which hardware technology is changing motivated writing of the paper. The main aspect was the reason that the hardware prices are getting cheaper while its quality is improving. History of CMOS The CMOS were invented in 1963 by Frank Wanlass. This technology has been used in every electronically digitally integrated circuit in the modern world. This has been made possible by their operating speed also reduction of size in every subsequent production of CMOS (Thes, 2008). The development in CMOS technology tends to rely on Moore’s law, which stated that, â€Å"an approximate 30% reduction in linear dimensi on and introduction of products with the new technology 2 years after the previous† (Sadan & Current, 2002). Figure 1: The three types of CMOS processing n-well, p-well and twin-well (Baker & Jacob, 2010). SOI (Silicon on Insulator) well fabricator on CMOS It was used in selected discrete and integrated circuits in 1960s. It was developed to be used for space exploration making it used in early satellites and space exploration systems (Colinge, 2010). These devices were fabricated with SOS (silicon on sapphire), but recently they are fabricated with SIMOX (separation by Implanted Oxygen). In recent world, SOI fabricators continue to be researched on due to their use in fabrication of the CMOS’s ICs (Marshall and Natarajan, 2002). Industry players believed by 2006-2008 there would be a huge shift to the fully depleted SOI CMOS would occur. During 2010, it was believed that 10% of the transistors would have been using this technology (Baker & Jacob, 2008). Modern usage of SOI wafer 1. IBM is using it in the high-end RS64-IV â€Å"Istar† PowerPC-AS microprocessor in 2000. 2. The making of AMD microprocessor. 3. Used in play station 3 and Wii. 4. Making of Intel processors. 5. Used in silicon photonic. Advantages of SOI 1. They were resistant to ionization by radiation which would have taken place due to the solar wind radiation in space. 2. It was also preferred due to the robust voltage isolation of IC. 3. Due to its ability to offer perfect transistor count which has led to lower leakage in transistors. This characteristic has led to continue use of SOI even in the modern world. 4. It is also known for faster performance and lower power consumption due to its reduced parasitic drain capacitance. 5. It ensures higher transistor count which ensures tighter transistor packing in devices. This ensure in reducing the size of devices. 6. It is seen to be less complex making it a choice by many to use. 7. The buried oxide plays a role within by off ering thermal insulation in SOI. This insulation has an effect of elevating temperature within the SOI device which modifies the output of the device. 8. There is complete avoidance of the latch up problem. Disadvantages 1. The absence of substrate diodes complicates the protection of input and outputs against the ESD pulses. 2. The SOI technology is believed to be expensive making it not to be widely used in the modern world. This is brought forward by the need of single crystal sapphires. 3. There is a predicament with this technology

MUS 121 Research Paper on The Fulte Instrument

MUS 121 on The Fulte Instrument - Research Paper Example However, the most preferred flute is the Boehm`s flute. His modification was successful, as he changed the flute from wooden to silver. The silver flute produced the best tone, and the thin hard-drawn tubes increased the metal`s capacity for vibration. The development of the flute has changed from one shape and size to another, and these modifications have improved the tune and the sound of the flute. In modern days, the flute has numerous uses ranging from musical shows and concerts, movies, Broadway shows, as well as Jazz players. Keywords: Flute, Development, Boehm Flute, Murrays Flute, Music, Old System Flute, German Flute, Keys, Tone, Sound, Tune Introduction Many forms of wood-wind instruments began to appear in the late fourteenth century. Brass instruments and their brass sounds had earlier been the only forms of music in the church services in Europe. According to the Marshall Cavendish Corporation, â€Å"the only woodwind instrument to leave a mark was the flute, which str ongly influenced the popular music† (2003, p.2713). The flute was preferred for its softer tone compared to the brass instruments. It is the most flexible music instrument among the woodwind instruments. According to Moratz, â€Å"it can execute just about any style of music, from classical to jazz to rock. Other woodwinds like the oboe and bassoon don’t play mush jazz or rock, although they have a lot of classical repertoire† (2010, p.18). History and Development of the Flute Learning how to effectively play a flute is quite easy compared to other woodwind musical instruments. The â€Å"flute†¦.is a musical weed which springs up everywhere† (Toff, 2008, p.3). There is quite a close relationship between the history of the flute and history of flute music. The history of the flute is divided into two phases namely the old system or German flute, and the Boehm flute. The old system flutes existed in the Middle Ages, it â€Å"was constructed of a single piece of wood; cylindrical in shape and just under two feet in length, it sounded a primary scale of D major† (Toff, 2008, p.41). It was commonly known as fife, and was mostly used by infantry marches, together with a small drum. Although instrumental music was distinct during the Renaissance period, the vocal model of various voice types, soprano, alto, tenor, and bass was still followed in the construction of musical instruments. In 1529, a publication by Martin Agricola`s called Musica Instrumentalis Deudsch, â€Å"showed four flutes, called Schweizer Pfeiffen, and labeled Discantus, Altus, Tenor, and Bassus† (Toff, 2008, p.41). A family of transverse flutes, whose musical values were different from the military use of the fife, was discovered by Michael Praetorius. Toff points out that â€Å"each of the three sizes of flutes in Praetorius’s plates has a two octave range and four additional falset notes available only to the most skilled performers† (2 008, p.42). The first flute divided into two pieces in order to regulate the tuning of the ensemble was the bass flute. Two transverse flutes pitching D and G appeared in the 1636 work of Martin Mersenne called Harmonic Universalle. Spaced evenly on the cylindrical tube were six tones or finger holes. â€Å"Although these flutes had no keys, the farsighted Mersenne called attention to their absence and explained that the flute could be made fully chromatic by the addition of keys† (Toff, 2008, p.42). Despite the fact that Mersenne provided a sketch of what the

Older People, Dementia & Policy in Scotland Essay

Older People, Dementia & Policy in Scotland - Essay Example It is becoming clear from both public debates and academic and policy maker discourse in the UK that many older people (i.e., those over the age of 65 years) much prefer to live their lives within their own homes. With aid from family and friends, an aggregate of the senior community seek to maintain their autonomy, independence and active well being (Audit Commission 5). However, a number of errors have been found in the reporting of expenditure of public care services, and these are attributed to the nature and parameter of service delivery across different areas of the UK. For example, evening and weekend home care in most areas, whilst others are consistently unable to receive night home care. Further, home-care workers trained in mental health were only available in 7 of 58 areas in a national study. Also, many older persons and their informal carers have not received additional support from community care agencies, as do older persons and trained carers within hospitals and nur sing homes. In the future, older people with mental health problems are to receive an equally good response regardless of where they live. This is one of the ways by which government and volunteer agencies seek to develop home-centered care, and to support informal carers and service users (Audit Commission 32). Equality and Diversity A feminist approach to the ethical care within social work for the older person is of recent intense focus in discourse. This school of thought encourages the professional social worker to actively reflect on concepts of social justice, autonomy and human rights, as well as extending investigation in to how aging is understood (Lolyd 1171).

Persuasive memo Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Persuasive memo - Assignment Example Because of this, I would like to propose a comprehensive training program that will initially focus on our front-liners as they are in direct contact with the customers. Based on the conducted survey, 44% of the customers who took time to write comments complained of slow service while 50% suggested other pastry products because of â€Å"soggy Danishes.† For employees, many of them commented about the desire to be trained. From these feedback, it can be assumed that a comprehensive training program would be welcomed by the employees and the resulting acquired skills would result to service and products customers would be happy with. The proposed training program will be specifically designed to meet the standards of the company with regard to production and customer service. The survey suggests that these are the areas that will greatly benefit from immediate training. It is also proposed that that the training program be implemented immediately while more clients are satisfied with the company’s services. A happy customer can help with the marketing and boost the company’s financial numbers. Designing and implementing any new program will incur costs. Also, even with the proper training, some employees may still not manifest the newly-acquired learning or skill. Nevertheless, given the results of the two surveys conducted and in line with the company’s business improvement program, I am of the mind that this program is important to despite the expense it will bring to the organization. It is possible that with solid research and careful planning, the potential costs and downsides of the suggested endeavor will be minimal compared to the benefits the company will attain in the future. The sooner we invest on training our employees, the sooner we can satisfy our clients and the people working for us. Based from my experience in the industry, these two groups can have a big influence on the success of any company. Capitalizing on an

Capstone Research Project Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Capstone Project - Research Paper Example The company was exercising a share based compensation plan for its top executives comprising of stock options. These were also not reflected in the financial statements. The company is planning to enter into partnership for which it requires presenting financial report to IFRS. Negative impact of the fraudulent activity on the company followed by recommendations to CFO The inventory write downs are often associated with various negative impacts on the organization. It negatively impacts the operating performance of the organizations. It has been seen that the extreme sales growth in companies lead to higher chances of experiencing future inventory write down as compared to the moderate growing firms. The inventory is an important portion in the financial statement of any organization. The cost of goods sold contains inventory portion, which an organization sells during an accounting period. The inventory stands out to be paramount for the business as it helps in the computation of th e company’s gross profit indirectly. After the gross profit, the net income of the company is obtained by subtracting all the operating expenses from the gross profit figure. Thus, missing entire inventory value in the financial statement leads to misinterpretation of the growth profit as well as the net income of the company. Underestimation or overestimation of the cost of goods sold results in huge differences in the profit figure as well. The manipulation in the financial statements may lead to several consequences. The company might manipulate its financial data in order to hide the actual financial performance. The financial statement of any organization reflects its financial information based on which the stock prices are changed. This information assists the investors in making their investing decisions. The GAAP reflects true and fair view related to the financial information of any particular company. But many times it has been seen that the figures in the financia l statements get manipulated by the managers of the organizations in such manner that it bears no resemblance with real performance of the company. This can also be termed as the creative accounting method. The manipulation in the real figures of the items presented in the financial statement has a negative impact on the stock prices in the financial market and due to which the values get deviated from the actual values. This displays a misleading picture for the market which in turn misleads the investor’s decisions. Many research studies in the past have reflected positive abnormal returns because of the changes made in the actual earnings of the organization. The returns get altered depending on the validity of alteration in the total earning gained. If the accounting process is conducted in fair manner then this statement becomes highly profitable for an organization. But in case if manipulations or alterations have been done on the actual earni

Persuasive memo Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Persuasive memo - Assignment Example Because of this, I would like to propose a comprehensive training program that will initially focus on our front-liners as they are in direct contact with the customers. Based on the conducted survey, 44% of the customers who took time to write comments complained of slow service while 50% suggested other pastry products because of â€Å"soggy Danishes.† For employees, many of them commented about the desire to be trained. From these feedback, it can be assumed that a comprehensive training program would be welcomed by the employees and the resulting acquired skills would result to service and products customers would be happy with. The proposed training program will be specifically designed to meet the standards of the company with regard to production and customer service. The survey suggests that these are the areas that will greatly benefit from immediate training. It is also proposed that that the training program be implemented immediately while more clients are satisfied with the company’s services. A happy customer can help with the marketing and boost the company’s financial numbers. Designing and implementing any new program will incur costs. Also, even with the proper training, some employees may still not manifest the newly-acquired learning or skill. Nevertheless, given the results of the two surveys conducted and in line with the company’s business improvement program, I am of the mind that this program is important to despite the expense it will bring to the organization. It is possible that with solid research and careful planning, the potential costs and downsides of the suggested endeavor will be minimal compared to the benefits the company will attain in the future. The sooner we invest on training our employees, the sooner we can satisfy our clients and the people working for us. Based from my experience in the industry, these two groups can have a big influence on the success of any company. Capitalizing on an

World war comparson Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

World war comparson - Assignment Example The WWII also witnessed the extensive use of airplanes in the battle. In terms of technological development, both wars involved the use of tanks; however, the one used in WWII were a little more advanced compared to WWI. The armaments used in WWI were slow and inefficient, for instance, the first fighter planes proved inefficient and inaccurate and were often not used.2 On the contrary, the armaments of the WWII were more efficient and faster than those for WWI. These included the use of fighter jets and remotely operated missiles. WWI appeared to be a Europe conflict, and it turned out that Europe’s economy stabilized during these periods while Japan’s economy destabilized. WWII was an economic boost for the United States, which participated in the WWI indirectly. The economic boost for US in WWII saw the expansion of its small towns. The two world wars are landmark events in history of the contemporary world. In both, there was involvement of the prevailing world powers at the time. These two battles had certain things in common. Key among things that can be compared and contrasted are in terms of military strategy, technological development, and economic

Waiting for Death in `A Rose for Emily` and `Old Ladies Home’ Essay Example for Free

Waiting for Death in `A Rose for Emily` and `Old Ladies Home’ Essay William Faulkner wrote, â€Å"A Rose for Emily† at a time when society was undergoing change. The South had lost the Civil War and the southern people were finding it hard to let go of the past. Emily is the symbolic representation of this resistance to change. She becomes numb emotionally simply carrying out the routine of life without any characteristic resistance while the people around her become onlookers. Similarly, Sylvia Plath’s poem â€Å"Old Ladies Home† relates the dehumanization of the inhabitants. The people in the Home have ceased to exist for the outside world. The women in the Home are existing like insects quiet and without character as the people around them move about, detached and cold. Analysis of the Theme and Symbolism In Faulkner’s short story, Emily, after her father’s death she became a recluse and stopped living. Her life became a part in history and it seemed she and the people around him simply waited for her death. She was described as, †¦a slight woman, though thinner than usual, with cold, haughty black eyes in a face the flesh of which was strained across the temples and about the eye-sockets as imagine a lighthouse-keepers face ought to look (Kirszner, 58). Faulkner shows the concept of death and how death can become a release when life becomes status quo. The reader is told in great detail about the position of Emily and her father in the town and the manner in which their life has changed. In Plath’s poem we read about the ladies wearing black and being ‘sharded’ in it. The words used to describe these women are, â€Å"Sharded in black, like beetles, Frail as antique earthenwear One breath might shiver to bits†¦ Age wears the best black fabric Rust-red or green as lichens. † The decay of the fabric represents the decay of their life. The nurses call them ‘ghosts’ and the beds are said to resemble ‘coffins’. The nature of the Home and the change in their life from youthful to aged shows the contrast of life to death. The concept of death and decay is prevalent in the story by Faulkner as well for he describes the decaying house as an eyesore among eyesores (Kirszner, 55). The decay represents the decay of Emily’s family’s position in society. The decaying body of Homer found after Emily Greison’s death also represents how things can get corrupted when change is not accepted. Emily was so steeped in her life in the past that she could not function in the present. Her father’s death and the death of her fiance caused her to give up on life and start a slow wait for her own death. The words Faulkner used to describe Emily and her situation included the smell and people going to her slunk around while the actual reality of Emily’s life became a tableau for the people of the town shown through the words, â€Å"We had long thought of them as tableau, Miss Emily a slender figure in white in the background, her father a spraddled silhouette in the foreground, his back to her and clutching a horsewhip, the two of them framed by the back-flung front door (Kirszner, 57). † Both Plath and Faulkner used the symbols and imagery of decay to show the progress of death. As the story and poem progress, death becomes the ultimate goal. The words and imagery in both the texts shows the frailness of the women. Through a description of the house Faulkner showed the change in Emily’s life. Her house decayed from a mansion to one that became a representation of failure and death. The crumbling walls became a source of fascination for the people and Emily ceased to exist as a person to them, rather she became a representation of the past [Allen, 1984]. The townspeople did not try to reach out or help her, they just focused on her life in fascination. Plath too, created a picture of the old women as decaying objects rather than human beings. They are described as insects and their progression towards death becomes inevitable. The words, ‘The old women creep out here†¦Ã¢â‚¬  are used to describe them and the word ‘creep’ is similar to Faulkner’s use of ‘slink’ to show the dehumanization of Emily and the others view of her as a symbol rather than a human. We see Plath go on to write, ‘Needles knit in a bird-beaked Counterpoint to their voices: Sons, daughters, daughters and sons, Distant and cold as photos†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The relationship between the women and their relatives is similar to the one Emily had with the townspeople. There was no warmth or love between them and the only connection was one of the past. The women’s relatives came out of a sense of obligation and duty and the visits were like looking at old photographs with no feelings. Like Faulkner writes, â€Å"Thus she passed from generation to generation dear, inescapable, impervious, tranquil, and perverse (Faulkner, 5), Emily’s life stood still. Her relationship with the world at large became stagnant and there was nothing to associate her life with being alive. Similarly, Plath [2009] uses the words, Age wears the best black fabric, to show how the women have stopped living and are in a constant state of mourning. They cling to every morsel of life and their very fragility shows the fragile threads of life and death. Conclusion: As we have seen Plath and Faulkner both wrote about the decay of life and the approach of death. They focused on the slow decomposition of human life physically and emotionally and how people become a ghost of their old selves as death approaches. However, while conceptually the similarities in the two texts may seem extraordinary there is a basic difference between these two narrations. Faulkner, wrote more of the decay and destruction of life figuratively, and how through the resistance to change humans become corrupted in their life. He wrote more of the death of a way of life, creating Emily and her life as a symbol of societal change. Plath, on the other hand discussed death in the physical concept. She presented the decomposition of human life and the loss of individuality as the progress of old age becomes eminent. The ladies in the poem were waiting for their death and had become mere shells of their former body. This stark contrast between the two texts creates a broader theme which suggests that without change human life ceases to exist and with the decay of the human body, life is but a wait for death. References: Allen, Dennis W. Horror and Perverse Delight: Faulkners A Rose for Emily. Modern Fiction Studies, Vol. 30, No. 4, Winter 1984, pp. 685-96. Plath, Sylvia Old Ladies Home accessed April 20, 2009 http://www. angelfire. com/tn/plath/home. html Kirszner, Laurie G. , and Stephen R. Mandell. A Rose for Emily. Fort Worth. Harcourt, 1997.

Tourist Motivation to Travel

Tourist Motivation to Travel Tourist motivations are important factors in understanding tourist behaviour in relation to destination choice and motivation relates to the needs, goals and preference of the tourists. In many tourism motivations are recognized as starting point in order to understand tourist behaviours (Crompton, 1979). Motivations have also been seen as a tool to segment tourism market. According to Backman (1995) motivations are associated with individual basic needs for participating, for instance in activities. Today, motivation tourism is the popular topic in research. The most one popular typology of tourist motivation is Cromptons (1979) push and pull model which emphasizes that tourists choice of a travel destination is influenced by two forces. Push factors that push individuals from home, and pull factors that pull individuals toward a destination. In other words, people are traveling because they are pushed by their internal motives and pulled by external forces of a travel destination ( Lam and Hsu, 2006). It has been stated that most push factors derive from individuals intangible or intrinsic desires, such as desire for escape, adventure seeking, dream fulfilment, novelty seeking, rest and relaxation, health and fitness, prestige, and socialization (Chon, 1989). The Plearn Wan (Hua Hin) is the first Eco Vintage Village in Thailand. The Plearn Wan village has been established on about three rai site at Phetkasem Road, Hua Hin between soi Hua Hin 38 and 40 opposite Klai Kangwon Palace of King Rama VII. The Eco Vintage Village recaptures the old elegance and classic charm of the old in Hua Hin. Plearn Wan is on an open lawn area with a two-storey wooden building around the village. It reminds a live museum and the vintage settings is based on the villages of previous generations. Plearn Wan aims to be a center for people to learn and experience Hua Hins of the past. Plearn Wans village is environmentally friendly and use recycled paper wrap and containers. The most of all employees live in the adjacent community. Plear nWan provides an elevator for the elderly and a slope for people with disabilities in response to the concept of free space for everyone. At Plearn Wan village there is restaurant, coffee shop, clothes shop, candy shop and liquor shop from the past. There is plenty of opportunity to take nice photos and buy souvenirs. At weekends there is an open air cinema. On a busy weekend Plearn Wan village is visited several thousands of people. This has become one of the main Hua Hins attractions. The entrance to Plearn Wan village is free of charge. The most of tourists go to visit in the village because they need to think about the part when they was young. This research focuses on the tourist motivation and activities related to the destinations in Plearn Wan in Hua Hin. Based on the reasons that why the tourists interested in Plearn Wan, Hua Hin more than that they go to aboard or shopping in the luxury department stores. Plearn Wan is a new destination attraction in Hua Hin, the tourists can enjoy on behalf of the center of happiness place where times stopped in the past. Moreover the design of village shops made from wood, that can make tourist feel in the 2499 again. Plearn Wan Village, in order to retain to the tourists motivation and developing for interesting place. Clear title of project : Tourist Motivation and Attraction : A case study of the Plearn Wan Eco Vintage Village in Hua Hin. Concise statement of research problem : The concept of Plearn Wan Eco Vintage Village is the old style, also the materials and equipment for the built and construction not enough because it hard to find the same things in order. Such as furniture, vase, plate, bowl, lamp and many things to decorate in the village. From this reason, Plearn Wan Eco Vintage Village has develop and create new things successively to the tourist attraction. Project objective : The objective from this research are: To analyze the roles of motivation in tourists decision making to visit Plearn Wan. To measure the tourists that satisfy and need to revisit in Plearn Wan. Conceptual Framework : Tourists Characteristics Gender Age Nationality Occupation Tourist Expectation Eco Vintage Village in Thailand Tourists satisfaction/dissatisfaction Result Analysis Strategy to Develop Tourists Motivation And Further Research The scope and definition of the study : This research will occur in Plearn Wan Eco Vintage Village, Hua Hin. The questionnaire provided by information counter in front the village. Also the staff or student will give it to the tourists when they free. This research focused on tourist motivation in this place and satisfaction to shops inside and need to revisit in this village next times. Tourist : a person who visit in Plearn Wan Eco Vintage Village, Hua Hin. Assumptions : all of tourist that go to visit in Plearn Wan Village. Tourist are majority in this village. The satisfaction and need to revisit in this place again. Limitations : time frame is one of the limitation for this research, it is a short period of time to collect data for the research. The questionnaire will translated to 2 languages, Thai and English only because its international language. In questions, which result to the tourist motivation include the satisfaction or disatisfaction in this place. Background : Plearn Wan is the first Eco Vintage Village in Thailand. It has been established under the business ideology. The site about three rai located on Phetkasem road, Hua Hin, Prachuap Kiri Khun Province. Plearn Wan was actually created under the concept of live museum and perceived in visitors a real community or place allowing people to spend the good times together. This village designed in an open lawn area with a two storey wooden building around a green grass median and have its vintage setting and decorations closed to the villages of previous generation. Literature review : Tourist motivation is the major factor to success in tourism industries. Push and pull theory has already become the effective method to study tourist motivation (Dann ,1977). For a long time, the academic circles pay much attention to the Push and Pull force factors of travel destination. The tourist motivation and activities is important for destinations to understand leisure tourist destination choice (Moscardo,1996). Motivation has been referred to as psychological, biological, social needs and wants, including internal (or emotional) and external forces (Chon, 1989). The successful of destination depend on the motivation and attraction in the place. Also it can increased tourist come to travel and visit it effected to market share stronger economic (Lewis,1993). The concept of motivation and attraction result the fact that tourists satisfaction at destination. Destination marketing is the possibilities of arranging more tourism activities. The regional cooperation needs to be further coordinated and more marketing efforts and investment is required. For Plearn Wan Eco Vintage Village, it would be better to emphasize the variety of village offers rather than the different style, since motives vary more between different types of village than between different regions. Tourists are persons seeking satisfying leisure experiences on trip away from home. This means a search for nuclear elements of attractions that individuals can experience in person. The tourists psychology reveal that they are motivated by a wide range of needs. These might included the need for rest, relaxation, novelty, education, regression, or prestige. Today, Plearn Wan Eco Vintage Village is a new beautiful place that motivate tourist visitor (Berger, Arthur, 1993). Destination development becomes an important issue in tourism studies. Understanding tourism motivation and activities will help destinations improve their products and services. Not only enhance the quality of products, more importantly is to be aware of the exact needs of target tourists and where the main tourist markets area. The principal motivation for a business or region to serve tourist are generally economic. An individual business is interested primarily in its own revenues and costs, while a community or region in concerned with tourisms overall contribution to the economy, as well as its social and environmental impact. A good understanding of tourisms economic impacts is therefore important for tourism industry, government officials and community Nowadays, in the are of motivation and attraction to destination become to many research. Only few studies concentrate on examining the motivations and profiles of health and wellbeing tourists. Some studies have focused on different sub-sectors, such as spa tourists, yoga tourists or spiritual tourists (Lehto, 2006). For Plearn Wan Eco Vintage Village focused on the old live style building that can make the tourists feel like they was young because in village decorated shop and sell the products from the past. Also tourist never see in this day before but they can find and by it to collect in this place. Moreover, tourisms economic impacts are therefore and important consideration in state, regional and community planning and economic development. Economic impacts are also important factors in marketing and management decision. Communities therefore need to understand the relative importance of tourism to their region, including tourisms contribution to economic activity in the area . The uncertain market for tourism in Plearn Wan Eco Vintage Village means that visitor attraction must work hard to understand what the tourists wanted and then improving and developing to the best attraction and motivated the tourist need to visit. The motivations are connected to individuals basic needs for participating diverse activities, developing preferences, and expecting satisfaction. The motivations of wellbeing and wellness activities, purchasing wellbeing and wellness products and services or participating in wellbeing holiday are also connected to customers needs and interests (Backman , 1995). Plearn Wan has been set the method to improve to be better and interesting to tourists destination choice for travel and relax on the weekend. The quality of the environment, both natural and man-made are essential to tourism. However, tourisms relationship with the environment is complex. It involves many activities that can have adverse environmental effects. Many of these impacts are linked with the construction of general infrastructure such as roads and airports, and of tourism facilities, including resorts, hotels, restaurants, shops, golf courses and marinas. The negative impacts of tourism development can gradually destroy the environmental resources on which it depends. On the other hand, tourism has the potential to create beneficial effects on the environment by contributing to environmental protection and conservation. It is a way to raise awareness of environmental values and it can serve as a tool to finance protection of natural areas and increase their economic importance. Environment nearby a tourism destination interrelate with tourism action happening in the Plearn Wan Eco Vintage Village. A change in whichever environment can change the pattern of tourism. As follow : Political : There are several concerns to consider that affecting in tourism the other state political people are making the small thing to a large extent and they are making the public in to troubles these impacts have a serious impact on the travel and tourism industry, leading to increased business failures demise of certain destinations. Climate : is obviously important for tourism, many tourists find it to have a high change of sunny and warm weather at their holiday destination, in order to relax by swimming, sun bathing and sight seeing in foreign place. For the global tourism industry, climate change bring more risks than opportunities. There will be regional and seasonal shifts in tourist flows resulting in both winners. However, it is undoubted that the tourism will continue to be a growth sector and despite the challenge of climate change. In Plearn Wan Eco Vintage Village is friendly with environment because it building around green grass median and designed buildings by wood. The effective manager must not only have very good knowledge of the region where they are personally based, but the should also from their own are which are linked to it insignificant itineraries. Managers become more competent, tourism boards more effective on their expenditure, marketer target and researchers deliver and insightful analysis. Further analysis is required to understand the tourism system of certain type of tourism. Also A Whole Tourism System is useful in analyzing in tourism industry to successful in each destination (Leiper, 1995). Data required : The data required for this research are the tourist satisfaction or dissatisfaction in the destination. This research based on the tourist motivation and attraction in the destination choice. Theory related on Push and pull factor in order and analyze the data. Plearn Wan Eco Vintage Village, Hua Hin internal data, such as background information and activities in the village, are necessary for better educating and understanding. Data source : The data source in this research divided by two parts, the first data is which collect from the tourist directly and the secondary collect from shop owner in Plearn Wan Eco Vintage Village, and from the literature review, such as theories, book, and journal. Data collection technique : Researcher will random simple the method for selecting the sample that present the population. Questionnaire will be used as instrument to collect the data from Plearn Wan Village tourists who Visit in this place. Questionnaire is one of the most commonly use for data collection in research (Veal,2005). The reasons for using questionnaire are that it has less disturb to tourist or visitor than other method, as well as, it is the quickest way to collect the data with in the time limitation of this research. In this research, the questionnaire will be translated to 2 languages, Thai and English only because in this destination is new attraction in Hua Hin that is not know well in foreigner. The questionnaire will be given to tourists and visitors checking at the front of village and ask the question when they free or checking out. Moreover the use of the Internet has also become a valuable tool to collect, capture, and share information from different sources. Internet provides many capabilities, including the capability to transfer data files electronically. Large amounts of data can be transferred from one location to another in a matter of seconds. This capability can imp rove the timeliness of obtaining information necessary to support organizational performance measurement analyses. Many books and manuals are available that provide information on use of internet. Data analysis : In this research, data will be analyzed using descriptive-Inferential statistic and SPSS computer system(Statistic Package for the Social Science). Berger, Arthur, 1993 Vietnam Tourism/Arthur Asa Berger, Retrieved from : http://www.google.com/books?hl=thlr=id=KETzAmFyu3gCoi=fndpg=PR6dq=whole+tourism+systems+in+vietnamots=tRyyqyKfUIsig=HozafJDFUFl_BEg6UYTZHEOVc2Y#v=onepageq=f=false Dann,, G. M. (1977) Anomie ego-enhancement and tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 4 (4), 184-194. Dann,, G. M Backman, K.F., Backman, S.J., Uysal, M., Sunshine, K.M., 1995. Event tourism: an examination of motivations and activities. Festival Management and Event Tourism 3 (1), 15- 24. Crompton, J.L., 1979. Motivations for pleasure vacation. Annals of Tourism Research 6 (4), 408-424. Crompton, J.L.1993 Economic impact analysis : Myths and misapplication Trends 30 : P 9 Chon, K.S., 1989. Understanding recreational travelers motivation, attitudes, and satisfaction. The Tourist Review 44 (1), 3-7. Lehto, 2006. Yoga tourism as a niche within the wellness tourism market. Tourism Recreation Research 31 (1), 5-14. Lam, T., Hsu, C.H.C., 2006. Predicting behavioral intention of choosing a travel destination. Tourism Management 27 (4), 589-599. http://www.thailand-huahin.com/plearnwan-huahin.htm Leiper, N. 1995 Tourism Management Collingwood, VIC : TAFE Publications

Presidencial Election Essay -- American Government, Politics

Every four years, the presidential election cycle sparks a renewed interest into American politics. While the candidates debate on what seems like a weekly occurrence, the public itself is in a struggle to find out who best suits their interests. Rhetoric resembling that of Kennedy and Reagan reappears and talk of â€Å"Change† invokes a sense of optimism. However, many fear that the nominees are simply attempting to win over the electorate, and what began as a promise on the campaign trail will evolve into the status quo in Washington. Examining the past can provide insight into the future and provide direction for a political party. I am choosing to compare the positions of four distinct groups: Colorado Democrats, Libertarians, as well as the ’28,’68, and 2008 platforms of the Democratic Party. State Party vs 2008 National Party (Health Care Reform) One of the most intriguing core values of the Colorado Democratic Party is its stance on Healthcare. They believe that the health of its citizens is of the utmost priority. The State party has indicated that the healthcare system â€Å"should be focused proactively on wellness, preventive medicine, public health, and disease prevention, as well as primary care† (CO Democratic Party, 2010). Additionally, the party supports President Obama’s healthcare reform legislation â€Å"as a first step toward a quality universal single-payer health care system, independent of employment† (CO Democratic Party, 2010). On the national level, the Democratic Party platform for 2008 bares a strong resemblance to that of Colorado. President Obama campaigned on the promise of increasing coverage while reducing the cost and social burden. Affordable, quality healthcare for all Americans was a cornerstone of... ...rtion can be defined as a wedge issue: â€Å"policy concerns that may divide the voter bloc of the opposing party† (Liscio et. al. 256). Typically, a pro-choice stance is one that is supported by Democrats, however Libertarians tend to vote Republican and are fiscally conservative. In the past, minority parties have pursued wedge issues to regain control (Liscio et. al 256). During the 1950’s and 1960’s, the Republicans were pushed to the fringe. In 1968, Richard Nixon campaigned on restoring â€Å"law and order†, attracting conservative white Democrats who were unhappy with their party’s position on race (Liscio et. al. 257). In essence, Libertarians are a faction of the Republican party. Every party has a group that branches off and is contradictory, however, they â€Å"have been fairly successful at submerging their differences in order to win office and govern† (Reiter 43).

In Field Flow Lines Of Oil Fields Environmental Sciences Essay

As oil Fieldss mature, smaller â€Å" in-field † flow-lines used alternatively of big diameter bole pipes. The little diameter grapevines normally installed by reel-lay techniques. In this technique the grapevine to be laid is manufactured in a uninterrupted length on board of the pipelaying vas and so spooled onto a big reel. During the pipelaying procedure the grapevine is normally straightened and passed over an inclined incline. Tensioners and/or clinchs are used for keeping the antecedently launched ( Joop Rodenburg et Al. Patent application rubric: Marine Pipelaying System and Method for Installing an Offshore Pipeline That Includes One or More Accessories ) . This method normally used in little diameter but requires thicker walled pipe to avoid local buckling during bending and unbending procedure ( M.F. Bransby et a l. ) . Offshore grapevines are buried beneath the ocean floor for protection against angling activity icebergs scouring and to supply on bottom stableness and bettering thermic insularity of the grapevine system. There is extended usage of little diameter, stiff steel grapevines within the seaward oil and gas industries to transport trade goods from their point of recovery to the shore ( or to other installings ) . Burial of these grapevines beneath the ocean floor is necessary for safety, operational and environmental concerns, e.g. bar of harm from angling vass, iceberg protection, on bottom stableness and betterment of the thermic belongingss of the grapevine system. Since grapevines are laid in remote and potentially hostile environments, frequently at great H2O deepness, the cost of puting and keeping the grapevine can be highly high, in footings of the existent work required, equipment mobilisation times and costs, and reduced end product. Therefore, offshore inhumed grapevines must be constructed as rapidly and expeditiously as possible, whilst keeping the highest degree of certainty against failure for the continuance of their usage. To accomplish high flow rates in grapevines, the gas or oil must be kept at high temperature and force per unit area. Normally, these grapevines are laid with close zero axial tonss, at the ambient temperature. On warming, the grapevine will see important axial strain, which is resisted by seabed clash so that compressive forces addition in the pipe. These compressive forces are on occasion big plenty to bring on perpendicular upheaval ( upheaval buckling ) of trenched lines, with the pipe emerging from the dirt or going significantly distorted, so that its ability to defy farther burden is compromised. Upheaval clasping may go on on start-up or as a progressive turbulence clasping during operation. These phenomena are due to cyclic conditions brought approximately by chilling and heating due to line breaks, which bit by bit ‘ratchet ‘ the pipe upwards, or from initial ballad imperfectness ( or a combination of the two ) . The dirt above the grapevine and the floaty weigh t provide opposition to this uplift force and the embedment deepness must be sufficient to forestall the perpendicular pipe motion from happening ( see Figure 1 ) . Among legion reported instances of upheaval buckling, the 17 kilometer long â€Å" Rolf A † to â€Å" Gorm E † grapevine in North Sea could be mentioned which has been reported ab initio in July 1986 one-year study and subsequently in September 1986 as a comprehensive out of straightness study ( M.F. Bransby et a l. ) . Impinging and burial is typically achieved by specialized H2O jetting, plowing and cutting equipment. Knowledge of the in situ mechanical belongingss ( before and following impinging operation ) of these dirts is highly of import for the design of inhumed grapevine systems ; burial techniques can bring forth considerable perturbation to the construction of seabed deposits, taking to alterations in their behavior. Perturbation of the ocean floor in the locality of the trench depends on the dirt type and province, and the manner of operation of the trencher. Ploughed soft and stiff clay backfill is lumpy in nature with big balls of integral clay, making the heterogenous construction supplying a macro construction. Stiff clay is believed to be hydraulicly fractured and really soft or silty clay is liquefied. The exact behaviour between these two extremes is non clear yet. Homogeneity of the subsequent backfill will besides be a map of clip to commissioning of the grapevine ( Cathie et al.2005 â€Å" Frontiers in Offshore Geotechnics: ISFOG 2005 – Gourvenec & A ; Cassidy ( explosive detection systems ) A © 2005 Taylor & A ; Francis Group, London, ISBN 0 415 39063 Ten † ) . The surfaces of the clay balls will be remoulded and soften due to exposure to free H2O during plowing. The nothingnesss between the balls will be filled with H2O, slurry and sand fractions if present. This double porousness stuff will consolidate much faster than a homogenous stuff consisting of purely integral stuff and a suited theoretical account for carry oning analysis of the consolidation procedure is that proposed by Yang and Tan ( 2005 ) and Wilson et al.1982. ( Yang, L.-A. , Tang. S.-A. & A ; Leung, C.-F. ( 2002 ) . Geotechnicque 52, No. 10, 713-725 ) ( R.K. Wilson and E.C. Aifantis, On the theory of consolidation with dual porousness – II, Int J Eng Sci 20 ( 1982 ) , pp. 1009-10035. ) Of peculiar concern to industry are trenches that have been H2O jetted in soft powdered silt and clay dirts, due to the potency for important alterations in construction and the associated uncertainness of the trench backfill belongingss around the grapevine. A remotely operated tracked ‘trencher ‘ is driven over the ocean floor. The trencher has a series of noses mounted in frontward confronting jet-legs, which penetrate the ocean floor below. Water is pumped out of these jets at high force per unit area to destruct the construction of the clay, so the grapevine will drop into it. During jetting, the construction of the seabed dirt is likely to be broken down and may liquefy wholly, particularly where the initial undrained shear strength is less than 10 kPa or where there is a important per centum of silt. Hence undrained analyses are more appropriate in this instance. It is besides possible that some integral balls of clay could stay ( although these may be capable to some remoulding ) and these can increase the strength of the ensuing backfill. Determining the grade of liquefaction or hydraulic break and the conditions under which these phenomena occur is an country of ongoing research. In peculiar, the province of the backfill and strength addition will lend well as to whether drained or undrained conditions occur during upheaval clasping events due to the different drainage features of slurried and ‘lumpy ‘ backfill ( ref ***is it Cathie et al. , 2005? ) . Likewise, the resulting clip dependant backfill behaviour following jetting will be different ; both soil provinces will consolidate and derive strength bit by bit, but this will happen much faster in the ‘lumpy ‘ backfill ( ref *** is it Cathie et al. , 2005? ) . This is peculiarly important in dirts with a high per centum of clay where the consolidation procedure can take many months, particularly after full liquefaction. Due to recent involvement in the country of upheaval buckling, a figure of analytical and numerical theoretical accounts have been developed to foretell the perpendicular opposition to shriek motion provided by the dirt and grapevine system. These theoretical accounts incorporate assorted false failure mechanisms for the behavior of the soil-pipeline system during upwards gesture through the trench backfill. The theoretical accounts are preponderantly flat strain ( 2D ) representations that assume dirt distortion and failure surfaces that either extend to the seabed surface ( shallow ) or are to the full contained within the backfill stuff ( deep ) . The uplift capacity of the soil-pipeline system will depend on the geometry of this deforming system, the mobilised shear strengths and organic structure weights, the comparative rate of burden and the potency for withdrawal of the dirt to happen behind the pipe during upheaval.Scope of the thesisDespite the aforesaid organic structure o f research bing in the literature, much confusion still exists as to the appropriate design parametric quantities and failure mechanisms involved for different instances. Existing design attacks assumes that deep failure does non happen for the trench deepnesss and grapevine geometries that are found in the field, nevertheless jumping malleability solutions based on the upheaval of strip ground tackles suggest that this may non needfully be the instance ( Merifield et al, 2001 ) .This research presents both numerical finite component survey and experimental survey that examines the opposition of slurried clayey dirts against upheaval buckling of inhumed grapevines. It has been conducted to measure the current state-of-the-art, to supply counsel for the design of inhumed grapevines for backfill dirts in this province and to clear up some of the facets of uncertainness in this subject.

Martin Luther King Jr. and Henry Thoreau Debate Essay

Fight For What is Right A cold, snowy winter night in Birmingham, Alabama: one of those nights where you would rather stay inside and sit by a fire while sipping on a cup of hot chocolate. Not everyone is doing that though, for many people walk in the cold all bundled up. Some of the more unfortunate ones stay stranded outside in the freezing weather with not nearly enough layers to keep them warm. In Birmingham, a lot of these people consist of African Americans who cannot afford somewhere to keep warm or are Just simply denied a place to stay based on their skin color. In this day and age, segregation exists between whites and blacks. A huge issue nationwide, but when it comes to Birmingham everything is taken to a new level. To ensure the separation of whites and blacks, you can see plenty of racial signs and other such tactics used by the city. Although between King and Thoreau, none of these resemble an issue; they both could stay warm under their nice winter Jackets, both had a place to go back home to and more importantly, one was a white man and the other a black man. Henry David Thoreau and Martin Luther King Jr. both made themselves very well known and idolized by many. They knew each other through a mutual friend but came into contact when they ran into one another here in Birmingham. The segregation in Birmingham continues to get out of control with constant bombings and killings of African American citizens, causing certain groups to want to take action towards reform in Birmingham. The group known as the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights called upon King to help lead them in non-violent reform, while Thoreau made his trip here to witness the reforms. Thoreau’s time of non-violent reform came about years before King even began to participate. King actually learned Just about everything from Thoreau’s writing, but Thoreau has no sense of that at this very moment. What King learned from Thoreau, he put to use more than Thoreau ever did. Right now the two men share the same non-violent beliefs and want to spread the word in their own separate ways. As the two men walk down the street they engage in friendly small talk. But then they come across a black couple denied entry into a restaurant. Both men look at ach other in disgust. They have seen it happen hundreds of times, but each time they see it, they have the same disgustful reaction. After what they Just witnessed, the two men started to state their opinions to each other on why they see this type of policy as a disgrace. Henry Thoreau spoke first with a scornful tone in his voice on how he cannot respect his government for allowing instances like these to occur. He continues speaking, â€Å"l cannot for an instant recognize that political organization as my government which is the slave’s government also (180). In response, King expresses to Thoreau, that you cannot put the entire blame on the government even though they could change the laws involving segregation. But would that change how the white majority feels, especially in southern states. Those people grew up witn certain opinions ot Atrican Americans. King goes on with another strong statement, saying â€Å"Whatever affects one directly, affects all indirectly (214). † With this statement, King tries to tell Thoreau that if they cannot change how people think, then segregation will not change either. After uttering such words, King goes quiet, neither one of them saying anything to each other. Both continue walking with their eyes facing forward, trying to fgure out what they are going to say next. After a few minutes of walking in the freezing cold with a light flurry of snow, the silence is broken. King ends this when he asks Thoreau how he plans on making a difference for racism and segregation. Thoreau does not respond right away, giving King the opportunity to answer his own question: â€Å"Henry, we need to make a difference here in Birmingham. If we do something here then it ay affect the whole nation. And we need to do it in a non-violent manner. † He continues, â€Å"In any non-violent campaign there are four basic steps: collection of facts to determine whether injustices exist; negotiation; self-purification; and direct action (215). King believes that these steps will lead them to a successful reform against segregation. Thoreau agrees with King that they should reform in a non-violent way, but questions who will Join him. He immediately states, They continue enjoying each other’s company, but ever since their heated discussions the two have not said one word or even batted an eye towards the other. They arrive at the footsteps of Martin Luther King Jr. ‘s apartment where he says one final comment to end the night, â€Å"Henry, we have a ‘moral responsibility to disobey unjust laws’ (218). We are nere tor a reason; and that reason involves making a ditterence. So tomorrow let’s get everyone in town together and move forward with this reform. † Thoreau ooks at King with a blank face and continues his way. With his incomparable leadership ability, King leads a reform the next day in Birmingham. The reform in Birmingham took place in 1963, and was led by Martin Luther King Jr.. This action brought attention to the integration efforts in the city, and during these nonviolent riots the citys police brought out dogs which attacked the civilians. They would also spray the people with high powered water hoses. But the reform actions demonstrated led to the government changing the city of Birmingham’s discrimination laws.

Hamlet’s Psychological Aspect Essay

I decided to do this research work because I have enjoyed a lot reading this play: Hamlet. The inner motivations and psyche of this character have captured my attention. Therefore, the aim of this research is to depict Hamlet’s attitudes during the play. I will try to approach to his real feelings on life and death taking into consideration what critics and researchers have said about Hamlet. In order to clarify Hamlet’s personality and behaviour, I will provide some aspects of the historical context in which Shakespeare was inspired to write this play, and a brief summary of it to take into account the plot. Finally, I will make a conclusion in which I will try to summarise the most important impressions of this research. Historical Context of the play Shakespeare wrote Hamlet in the last years of the reign of Queen Elizabeth 1, who had been the queen of England more than forty years. As she had no children the question of who would succeed her was a situation that provoked anxiety at that time. Due to this fact, researchers agree that many of Shakespeare’s plays from this period concern transfers of power from one monarch to the next. Another important issue dealt with in his plays is the general sense of anxiety, fear, uncertainty, betrayal and revenge. For instance, Hamlet displays all the themes mentioned above. Shakespeare was able to sum up the most impotant values of the Renaissance. Cultural phenomenon that began in the fifteenth-century and proclaimed the humanism: a new thought that revalued the social and popular aspect of life. People who belonged to the Renaissance period claimed that human beings lived in a world of appearances, in which they tried to hide their realities, that is to say, their deepest desires and what they actually were. Hamlet had to face one of the most difficult realities: injustice. A task that presents a dilemma to him: â€Å"to be or not to be†. While pointing out questions that cannot be answered, the play as a whole chiefly demonstrates the difficulty of knowing the truth about other people: who are guilty or innocent, which their motivations and feelings are. Brief Summary of the play Shakespeare begins the play with the death of the King of Denmark and the possession of the throne by the King’s brother Claudius, instead of the King’s son, that is to say the prince Hamlet, who was supposed to be the next in line. What is more, the new king Claudius suddenly married Gertrude, the dead king’s widow. Thus, the prince Hamlet got depressed by the unexpected situation. One night, Hamlet’s father appears as a ghost to tell Hamlet that he had been murdered by his own brother Claudius, that is to say, Hamlet ´s uncle. In his anger, Hamlet decides to fulfill his father’s request, which is to avenge his death. In order to confirm what the ghost has said, Hamlet organizes a play in which he represents the assessination scene. While the play is being performed, Claudius stands up and goes out feeling guilty. At the moment, Hamlet confirms the truth and discusses the situation with his mother. As Hamlet notices that someone is spying on them behind the curtains, he stabs his sword without checking who this person is. As a result, he kills Polonius, Claudius’s chief councillor. When Ophelia, Polonius ´s daughter, is informed about her father’s death she reacts with madness and eventually falls in a stream and drowns. After that, Laertes, Ophelia’s brother, is told that Hamlet is involved in Polonius’s death and Ophelia’s madness. Therefore, he wants to avenge his father’s and sister’s death trying to eliminate Hamlet. As Claudius promised Laertes to help him with the revenge, they plan to kill Hamlet as if by accident with a poisoned sword in a fencing match. Claudius also plans to offer Hamlet a poisoned drink during the fight. When the fencing contest begins, Hamlet’s mother Gertrude drinks the poisoned drink before Caludius can stop her and she dies. Hamlet turns away and Laertes wounds him with the poisoned sword, but Hamlet goes on fighting. During the struggle, they exchange swords and Hamlet wounds Laertes, who confesses the plan telling Hamlet that he is also sure to die from the effect of the poison. After hearing the truth, Hamlet stabs Claudius with the poisoned sword and forces him to drink the poison, too. Finally, while Hamlet is dying by the effect of the poison, he orders one of his friends called Horatio to tell the terrible story of the happening to everyone.

Australia Ripples the Waters as It Relaxes Cross-Media and Foreign Essay

Australia Ripples the Waters as It Relaxes Cross-Media and Foreign Ownership Laws - Essay Example That pithy exchange from the past captures the essence of the present-day debate in Australia triggered by the government announcement of plans to deregulate media after 20 years of controls on foreign ownership and cross-media transactions. The Morley-Jones clash of views between the public service and business orientation of media deferred to old UK conditions, but the same hairsplitting still rings true today and continues to reverberate throughout the world as economic opportunities diminish and competition for scarce resources tighten up. Since almost all sectors of national economies have been served up for foreign interests in the universal drive to generate much-needed foreign investment, governments in many parts of the world, both developed and underdeveloped, are fixing their attention on the media industry as the last remaining enticement for foreign investors. As Australian Sen. Ron Walker puts it: "Media has become the last major industry begging for reform to bring it to the 21st century."2 By inference, the senator is batting for a new scheme that would keep Australian media in step with the times by allowing foreign investment into the arena. Australia is veering towards that exact direction, with the reforms on foreign media ownership and cross-media transactions programmed to take effect in 20073. ... This merger is called cross-media ownership in industry parlance. In the interim, the government conducts a nationwide multi-sector consultation in a desire to accommodate every viewpoint in the reform framework and thus hammer out a final policy that is acceptable to all. The more strident objections, as expected, come from the vanguards of press freedom and the citizens' rights to the widest sources of news and information brought to them without the biases of big business. Big businesses the media firms will indeed become if the set of current restrictions are pulled out. Thus, the debate now raging in Australia's media landscape centers on the basic question: Are the economic benefits promised by the entry of foreign media and liberalization of cross-media rules enough to justify placing at risk the spirit of competition and independence of media This essay weighs the pros and cons of the issue, ranging the Australian media reform plan against that of other countries exhibiting the same inclinations, if only to see which models it can use to improve a framework that would appeal to the cross-section of Australian society. II. Foreign Ownership of Media Under the Australian media reform plan, regulations on media ownership will be relaxed as they involve both Australian citizens and foreigners. All existing restrictions on foreign ownership and control of media will be abolished as well as relevant barriers contained in both the 1992 Broadcasting Services Act (BSA) and the Foreign Investment Policy under the 1975 Foreign Acquisitions and Takeovers Act (FATA)4. Limits on simultaneous ownership of