Brazil and United States Healthcare Essay

AbstractThe point of wellness perplexity has become the around pressing and ongoing debates for non more everyplace the unify States exactly withal many other nations rough the world. Many countries have implemented a common wellness redress coverage for long time with effective results. enchantment the get together States steps into a greenish case wellness cargon program, the judicature arsehole observe brazils wellness cargon system to learn valuable lessons. The figure of health care system a country chooses has a study effect on the countrys health care professionals. While comparing the health care professionals of the linked States and brazil-nut tree, many quasi(prenominal)ities can be seen however, the United States can learn many lessons from brazil.A Comparative abbreviation of Health Care Professionals in brazil nut to Those in the United StatesThe a la mode(p) topic in the United States today, is the subject of healthcare reform in the United States. With the Patient Protection and inexpensive Care Act (ACA) upheld by the Supreme Court in 2012, Americans everywhere have formed an effect ab step forward the new national health care systemmost opinions viewing the national system as negative. However, several developed nations similar to the United States have partaken in a national health care system for age. The large nation of brazil nut has utilized a national health system since 1923, and has seen both positives and negatives. Many Americans see the supply and claim of health care professionals as a potential threat to the incoming of the ACA and the United States as a wholea defined let go that has affected Brazil.In Brazil, health care is viewed as a intact right existence offered by private and government organizations and is an obligation of the state. through with(predicate) the Unified Health System (SUS), public health care is universal and provided free of charge to every last(predicate) Brazilian p ermanent residents. In rise to power to the United Health System, Brazilians too have private based health insurance coverage which the wealthier nation can usually purchase, and Brazilians can be offered healthcoverage by their respective employers if available. As of 2003, 174.6 million Brazilian residents receiving benefits from the SUS were documented. Of the 174.6 million, 475,699 healthcare professionals existed within Brazilian health care. In 2012, the constitutional percentage of GDP washed-out on health expenditure in Brazil was at a four-year utmost of 9.3%.However, Brazils health expenditure is far degrade than the United States health expenditure that washed-out a total of 17.9% in 2012. In Brazil the average biography prediction has been on the rise since 2000. In 2010, average Brazilian tone expectancy was describe at 73.5 years with a flavor history expectancy for men at 69.7 and for women at 77.3. The infant fatality rate rate in Brazil has been decrea sing over the years, but is still considered high for a developed nation. Maternal mortality rate in Brazil is also decreasing in years and would be considered average compared to other countries. In an attempt to improve the national health care system in Brazil, the Brazilian government established the Mais Medicos program, or more(prenominal) doctors program, in 2013. The meet was aimed to create close to 1,000 jobs for medical students to tend to patients in the 22 states that have less doctors than the national averagemost of the states lying in the Northern office of the nation.In addition to their salaries, doctors are provided monetary aid to cover accommodate and sustenance per municipalities of the government. The program will employ physicians temporarily while the Brazilian government looks to increase attendance to Brazilian health check schools over a short amount of money of time by offering substantial amounts of financial aid and increasing expenditures on medical school scholarships. Originally, the program was offered to Brazilian resident doctors single in an attempt to bring doctors from the more populate and urban areas to the rural and less populated areas. When few residential doctors applied, the Brazilian government extended Mais Medicos to Brazilian doctors who received their education overseas and opposed doctors. Prior to applying, it was suggested that applicants should have a oecumenic understanding of the Portuguese wrangle in order to be accepted into the program.At the end of the action process, close 20,000 doctors had submitted applications with listed preferences of the cities that they wish to work in. Doctors involved in the program are required to work 40 hours a week for three years and may work no longer than 6 years in the program. The physicians accepted into the Mais Medicos program receive 10,000 BrazilianReals (an equivalent to $4,501 US dollars) per calendar month to spend on housing and necessitie s. During 2013, Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff imported nearly 11,000 Cuban physicians to serve in the program. Cuban physicians were to serve similar hours, but their salaries would be sent to the Cuban government who would distribute 40%-50% of the simoleons to the physicians working in Brazil. This exchange has been an ongoing debate between the medical community of Brazil and its government. The benefits listed above are considered to be beneficial to physicians.The life expectancy, infant mortality rate, and maternal mortality rate are all at a good standing compared to recent generations in Brazil in that locationfore, the physicians having these characteristics as a resume topic shows that they were a part of a change in Brazil. Although the Mais Medicos program seems to have some flaws and a definite group that disapproves of it, it also is seen by many to do well for the health care system in Brazil and has many supporters. The common puzzle in Brazil for health car e professionals seems to be a leave out of distribution of doctors into the more rural areas of the country. On average in Brazil, there are only 2 hospital beds per 1,000 people. In the northern regions of Brazil, where more rural areas are found, the amount of hospitals per resident is lower than the average. Much like in the United States, doctors are very reluctant to the thought of initiation a practice in a small rural town. Reasons being that small rural towns are usually less populated and on average bring in less household income.In Brazil, the root of practicing medicine in these depressed areas is even less glamorous because of the government involvement in health care. In these areas, practices receive less wariness including lack of supplies and infrastructure. Physicians located within wealthier and more populous areas have passably better access to equipment and infrastructure, but the conditions differ only slightly. Doctors are highly rushed with a constant ov erflow of patients and consistently working in hot rooms with little air circulation. This is problem does not only exist in the public clinics of general physicians. Specialist physicians have a persistent flood of patients who do not adopt a medical specialists care, but seek the specialist because there is no general physician available. Another contend that Brazils physicians facet is the realized absence of electronic health records (EHRs).Although electronic health records can be difficult and pricey to implement, the benefits of them to a health system that lacks infrastructure can be monumental. EHRs improve quality, convenience, care coordination, practice efficiencies, and cost efficiencies. Implementing electronic health records would improve the quality of Brazils physicians work environment. The last challenge Brazil physicians face is the existence of corruption within the system. One typesetters case includes Brazils wealthier population paying physicians under the table to lot them before others. While some patients are in dire need of an operation or treatment, a wealthier patient has the opportunity to offer the physician an amount of money that will sway the physician to treat their slur before otherseven though the others have been waiting an extended amount of time.Unfortunately, these types of situations are not illegal in Brazil therefore, it happens frequently. In the United States, health care has only recently been provided as universal coverage. It is an ongoing debate to whether health care in America is a right or a privilege. The United States has always offered free health coverage to the elderly and the poorpaid for by taxpayers. In 2010, Medicare and Medicaid cover at least 112,979,783. In addition to Medicare and Medicaid, most of the American population has chosen to receive employer-based health coverage. The number of Americans with employer-based health coverage, however, has been declining since the discussion of the inexpensive Care Act. Since the low-priced Care Act has come about, over 8 million people have signed up for coverage with 87% of the newly insured being previously uninsured. In 2012, the World stick reported that there were 2.5 physicians per 1,000 people.In 2012, the total percentage of GDP spent on health expenditure in the United States was at a 17.9%. This total is far great than the amount of GDP spent on health expenditure in Brazil. In the United States the average life expectancy has steadily increased over generations. The life expectancy reported in 2012 was 78.7 years. Although it would normally be a slight age difference, it is an unthinkable gap for life expectancy with Brazil at 73.5. The infant mortality rate in the United States has been steady over recent years at 6 deaths per 1,000 births. Maternal mortality rate is significantly lower in the U.S. than Brazil with Brazil at 69 deaths per 100,000 births and the United States at 28 deaths per 100,000 birth s. Overall, physiciansworking in the United States would have a greater professional advantage over those who practice in Brazil.Not only does the United States report superior statistics for life expectancy, infant mortality rate, and maternal mortality rate, but the United States is generally a wealthier nation than Brazil. Because the United States has been a democracy for over 200 years and because of their general wealth, it is presumable that the United States is in a better position to take over a health care system image like Brazils. Much like Brazil, the United States new ACA health care plan has cut the uninsured rate in half and will plow decreasing the number of uninsured over the next several years. In regards to the corruption that Brazil faces on a daily basis with the soaked paying physicians under the table, the United States cannot completely rule out the possibilities of that fortuity within the new health care system. However, regulations and laws have been established to impede such situations.While there are many benefits to becoming a healthcare professional in the United States, there are also some challenges. One of the greatest challenges that physicians in the United States will face under the ACA is the growing number of patients who need to be seen by a doctor. New patients will flood waiting rooms with problems that may be preexisting with no prior treatment. However, doctors may not mind seeing more patients per day, because the amount of insurance reimbursement doctors receive will continue to decline. This is because the Affordable Care Act not only set out to come upon health care for more Americans, but it also set out to decrease overall health care costs.With the discussion of the ACA causing insurance reimbursement shrinkage and higher insurance premiums, it will become more costly to run a private practice. Overall, both the United States and Brazils health care system have their advantages and disadvantages. Whi le American physicians are try with shrinking reimbursements and a surplus of patients, Brazilian physicians are struggling with a lack of equipment and supplies and are challenged by corruption regularly. While it seems that the United States is leaning towards a similar health care system to Brazils United Health System, Americans can correct the mistakes made by Brazil in regards to the treatment and use of its health care professionals.ReferencesThe Affordable Care Act A Quick Guide forPhysicians. (n.d.). National Physicians Alliance. Retrieved July 9, 2014, from http//npalliance.org/wp-content/uploads/NPA-ACA.Quick_.Guide_.for_.Physicians.041311.pBevins, V. (2014, January 6). Brazils president imports Cuban doctors to ease shortage. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 12, 2014, from http//www.latimes.com/world/la-fg-ff-brazil-doctors-20140106-story.htmlpage=1Elias, Paulo Eduardo M., and Amelia Cohn. Health Reform in Brazil Lessons to Consider. PubMed Central. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 J uly 2014. Retrieved July 1, 2014, from http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articlesFlying in doctors. (2013, August 31). The Economist. Retrieved July 8, 2014, from http//www.economist.com/news/americas/21584349-government-imports-foreigners-reach-parts-locals-dont-want-flying-doctorsKane, J. (2012, October 22). Health Costs How the U.S. Compares With Other Countries. PBS. Retrieved July 9, 2014, from http//www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/health-costs-how-the-us-compares-with-other-countries/LoGiurato, B. (2014, may 1). Heres How Many People Actually Gained Insurance Because Of Obamacare. production line Insider. Retrieved July 12, 2014, from http//www.businessinsider.com/how-many-people-signed-up-for-obamacare-2014-Squires, D. A. (2012, May 1). The mission of The Commonwealth Fund is to promote a high performance health care system. The Fund carries out this mandate by supporting independent research on health care issues and reservation grants to improve health care practice and policy . Support for . Issues in international Health Policy. Retrieved July 10, 2014, from http//www.commonwealthfund.org//mediThe World Bank. (n.d.). The World Bank. Retrieved July 12, 2014, from http//data.worldbank.org